Ñìåíà ìèðîâûõ öåíòðîâ. äëÿ çàé÷èêîâ!
ÄËß ÇÀÉ×ÈÊÎÂ)))
Îðìóç çàêðûò è 10 ìëðä â ñóòêè óáûòêîâ
È >70% ãåëèÿ ìèðîâîãî òîæå âñòàëî. Ýòò äëÿ ÷èïîâ.
È ÑÅÐÛ >50% ÌÈÐÎÂÎÉ ÒÎÆÅ ÂÑÒÀËÎ.
ÝÒÎ ÍÀÄÎ Â ÐÀÑרÒÛ ÂËÎÆÈÒÜ. ÊÐÎÌÅ ÏÐÎ×ÅÃÎ ×ÒÒ ÒÀÌ ÇÀÑÒÐßËÎ.
ÏÎÕÎÆÅ ØÒÎÐÌÈÒÜ ÌÈÐ ÁÓÄÅÒ ÍÅ ÍÀ ØÓÒÊÓ ÑÊÎÐÎ.
Ñåé÷àñ íà÷àëî àïð 2026.
Ïèíäîñû ñ 28.02.2026 óæå ñòîïîðíóëè àâàíòþðîé âñ¸.
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ÓÏÐÀÂËÅÍÖÛ ÏËÀÍÅÒÛ ÇÀ×ÅÌ ÒÎ ÏËÀÍÅÒÓ Ê ÊÐÈÇÈÑÓ ÏÎÄÂÎÄßÒ. ÏÎÊÀ ÎÁÙÓÞ ÊÀÐÒÈÍÓ ÍÅ ÏÎÍÈÌÀÞ. ÍÀÂÅÐÍÎÅ ÏÎÒÎÌ ÏÎÉÌÓ
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ÏÎ ÏÐÎÑÒÎÌÓ ÊÀÊ ÇÀ ÁÓÒÛËÊÎÉ ÂÎÄÊÈ ×ÒÎ? ÑØÀ ÍÀÏÀÊÎÑÒÈËÈ Ñ ÎÐÌÓÇÎÌ È ×ÒÎÁÛ ÍÀ ÅÑ ÍÀÂÀÐÈÒÜÑß ÏÎÊÀ ÐÔ Â ÕÎËÎÄÍÛÉ ÇÀÃÎÍ ÇÀÃÍÀËÈ?
ÏÎ-ÏÐÎÑÒÎÌÓ, “ÊÀÊ ÇÀ ÁÓÒÛËÊÎÉ ÂÎÄÊÈ”: ÍÅÒ, ÍÅËÜÇß ×ÅÑÒÍÎ ÑÊÀÇÀÒÜ, ×ÒÎ ÑØÀ “ÑÏÅÖÈÀËÜÍÎ ÍÀÏÀÊÎÑÒÈËÈ, ×ÒÎÁÛ ÍÀ ÅÑ ÍÀÂÀÐÈÒÜÑß” — ÝÒÎ ÁÛËÀ ÁÛ ÊÎÍÑÏÈÐÎËÎÃÈß ÁÅÇ ÄÎÊÀÇÀÒÅËÜÑÒÂ; ÍÎ ÔÀÊÒ Â ÒÎÌ, ×ÒÎ ÈÇ-ÇÀ ÎÑÒÀÍÎÂÊÈ ÎÐÌÓÇÀ ÅÂÐÎÏÅ ÑÐÎ×ÍÎ ÍÓÆÅÍ ÃÀÇ È ÒÎÏËÈÂÎ, È ÒÅ, Ó ÊÎÃÎ ÎÍÈ ÅÑÒÜ,  ÒÎÌ ×ÈÑËÅ ÑØÀ, ÍÀ ÝÒÎÌ ÇÀÐÀÁÀÒÛÂÀÞÒ: ÏÎÑÒÀÂÊÈ ÈÇ ÑØÀ  ÅÂÐÎÏÓ È ÀÇÈÞ ÓÆÅ ÂÛØËÈ ÍÀ ÐÅÊÎÐÄ, À ÖÅÍÛ ÐÅÇÊÎ ÂÛÐÎÑËÈ. ÏÎÑËÅ ÑÎÊÐÀÙÅÍÈß ÏÎÑÒÀÂÎÊ ÈÇ ÐÔ ÅÂÐÎÏÀ È ÒÀÊ ÑÒÀËÀ ÁÎËÜØÅ ÇÀÂÈÑÅÒÜ ÎÒ LNG, À ÒÅÏÅÐÜ ÏÎÑËÅ ÑÁÎß ×ÅÐÅÇ ÎÐÌÓÇ ÎÍÀ ÅÙ¨ ÑÈËÜÍÅÅ ÂÛÍÓÆÄÅÍÀ ÏÎÊÓÏÀÒÜ ÄÎÐÎÃÈÅ ÀÌÅÐÈÊÀÍÑÊÈÅ È ÄÐÓÃÈÅ ÀÒËÀÍÒÈ×ÅÑÊÈÅ ÃÐÓÇÛ, ×ÒÎ ÄÅÉÑÒÂÈÒÅËÜÍÎ ÏÐÈÍÎÑÈÒ ÏÐÈÁÛËÜ ÝÊÑÏÎÐÒ¨ÐÀÌ. ÒÎ ÅÑÒÜ ËÎÃÈÊÀ ÍÅ “ÑÄÅËÀËÈ ÐÀÄÈ ÄÅÍÅÔ, À “ÊÐÈÇÈÑ ÑÎÇÄÀË ÄÅÔÈÖÈÒ, È ÀËÜÒÅÐÍÀÒÈÂÍÛÉ ÏÎÑÒÀÂÙÈÊ ÍÀ ÝÒÎÌ ÇÀÐÀÁÀÒÛÂÀÅÒ”.
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ÑÓÕÎ, ÁÅÇ ÌÈÔÎÂ: ÐÈÌ ÍÅ “ÂÀÐÈË” ÊÐÈÇÈÑÛ ÊÀÊ ÑÎÂÐÅÌÅÍÍÀß ÊÎÍÑÏÈÐÎËÎÃÈ×ÅÑÊÀß ÑÕÅÌÀ, À ÊËÀÑÑÈ×ÅÑÊÈ ÈÃÐÀË ÊÀÊ ÃÅÃÅÌÎÍ — ×ÅÐÅÇ ÊÎÍÒÐÎËÜ ÓÇÊÈÕ ÒÎ×ÅÊ, ÍÀËÎÃÎÂ, ÑÎÞÇÍÈÊÎÂ È ÏÎÒÎÊΠÐÅÑÓÐÑÎÂ. ÂÎÒ ÏÎËÍÛÉ ÑÏÈÑÎÊ ÊËÞ×ÅÂÛÕ ÌÅÕÀÍÈÊ.
1) ÊÎÍÒÐÎËÜ ÇÅÐÍÀ = ÊÎÍÒÐÎËÜ ÃÎÐÎÄÀ
ÝÒÎ ÁÀÇÀ ÐÈÌÀ.
ÎÑÎÁÅÍÍÎ ÏÎÑËÅ ÇÀÕÂÀÒÀ ÅÃÈÏÒÀ Â 30 ÄÎ Í.Ý.
ÐÈÌ ÊÎÐÌÈË ÑÒÎËÈÖÓ ÇÅÐÍÎÌ ÈÇ:
ÅÃÈÏÒÀ
ÑÅÂÅÐÍÎÉ ÀÔÐÈÊÈ
ÑÈÖÈËÈÈ
ÊÒÎ ÊÎÍÒÐÎËÈÐÎÂÀË ÇÅÐÍÎ — ÒÎÒ ÊÎÍÒÐÎËÈÐÎÂÀË ÏÎËÈÒÈ×ÅÑÊÓÞ ÑÒÀÁÈËÜÍÎÑÒÜ.
ÏÐÎÑÒÎ:
ÅÑËÈ ÕËÅÁ Â ÃÎÐÎÄÅ ÅÑÒÜ — ÍÀÐÎÄ ÑÏÎÊÎÅÍ.
ÅÑËÈ ÍÅÒ — ÁÓÍÒ.
ÝÒÎ ÏÐßÌÀß ÀÍÀËÎÃÈß Ñ ÝÍÅÐÃÈÅÉ ÑÅÉ×ÀÑ.
2) ÊËÈÅÍÒÑÊÈÅ ÖÀÐÑÒÂÀ = ÂÍÅØÍÈÉ ÊÎÍÒÓÐ
ÐÈÌ ×ÀÑÒÎ ÍÅ ËÅÇ ÍÀÏÐßÌÓÞ.
ÑÍÀ×ÀËÀ ÑÒÀÂÈË ÊËÈÅÍÒÑÊÈÕ ÖÀÐÅÉ:
ÈÓÄÅß
ÀÐÌÅÍÈß
ÌÀÂÐÅÒÀÍÈß
ÔÐÀÊÈß
ÎÍÈ ÁÛËÈ ÔÎÐÌÀËÜÍÎ ÑÀÌÎÑÒÎßÒÅËÜÍÛ, ÍÎ ÐÀÁÎÒÀËÈ Â ÈÍÒÅÐÅÑÀÕ ÐÈÌÀ.
ÝÒÎ ÊËÀÑÑÈ×ÅÑÊÀß ÈÃÐÀ ÃÅÃÅÌÎÍÀ:
ÍÅ ÄÅÐÆÀÒÜ ÂѨ ÍÀÏÐßÌÓÞ, À ÓÏÐÀÂËßÒÜ ×ÅÐÅÇ ÑÎÞÇÍÈÊÎÂ.
3) ÄÎÐÎÃÈ È ÏÐÎËÈÂÛ
ÐÈÌ ÁÛË ÑÈË¨Í ÍÅ ÒÎËÜÊÎ ÀÐÌÈÅÉ, ÍÎ È ËÎÃÈÑÒÈÊÎÉ.
ÄÎÐÎÃÈ
ÌÎÑÒÛ
ÏÎÐÒÛ
OSTIA
MARE NOSTRUM
ÑÐÅÄÈÇÅÌÍÎÅ ÌÎÐÅ ÁÛËÎ ÅÃÎ “ÎÐÌÓÇÎÌ”.
ÊÒÎ ÊÎÍÒÐÎËÈÐÎÂÀË ÌÎÐÅ — ÒÎÒ ÊÎÍÒÐÎËÈÐÎÂÀË ÒÎÐÃÎÂËÞ.
4) ÍÀËÎÃÈ È ×ÎÊÏÎÉÍÒÛ
ÐÈÌ ËÞÁÈË ÑÎÇÄÀÂÀÒÜ ÓÇÊÈÅ ÒÎ×ÊÈ ÄËß ÑÁÎÐÀ ÏÎØËÈÍ.
ÍÀÏÐÈÌÅÐ:
ÃÐÀÍÈÖÛ
ÌÎÑÒÛ
ÏÐÎÕÎÄÛ
ÑÒÅÍÛ
ÄÀÆÅ HADRIAN’S WALL ÁÛË ÍÅ ÒÎËÜÊÎ ÂÎÅÍÍÎÉ ËÈÍÈÅÉ, ÍÎ È ÍÀËÎÃÎÂÛÌ ÔÈËÜÒÐÎÌ.
5) ÌÎÍÅÒÀ È ÄÎËÃ
ÐÈÌ ÄÅÐÆÀË ÑÈÑÒÅÌÓ ×ÅÐÅÇ ÄÅÍÀÐÈÉ.
ÏÎÊÀ ÌÎÍÅÒÀ ÁÛËÀ ÑÒÀÁÈËÜÍÀ — ÈÌÏÅÐÈß ÐÀÁÎÒÀËÀ.
ÊÎÃÄÀ  III ÂÅÊÅ ÍÀ×ÀËÈ ÎÁÅÑÖÅÍÈÂÀÒÜ ÌÎÍÅÒÓ ÄËß ÎÏËÀÒÛ ÀÐÌÈÈ — ÏÎØ¨Ë ÊÐÈÇÈÑ.
ÝÒÎ ÏÎÕÎÆÅ ÍÀ ÑÎÂÐÅÌÅÍÍÓÞ ÏÐÎÁËÅÌÓ ÄÎÂÅÐÈß Ê ÔÈÍÀÍÑÎÂÎÉ ÑÈÑÒÅÌÅ.
6) “ÕËÅÁÀ È ÇÐÅËÈÙ” ÊÀÊ ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÛÉ ÊËÀÏÀÍ
ÝÒÎ ÒÎÆÅ ×ÀÑÒÜ ÓÏÐÀÂËÅÍÈß.
ÁÅÑÏËÀÒÍÎÅ ÇÅÐÍÎ
ÈÃÐÛ
ÃËÀÄÈÀÒÎÐÛ
ÏÐÀÇÄÍÈÊÈ
ÍÅ ÏÐÎÑÒÎ ÐÀÇÂËÅ×ÅÍÈÅ.
ÝÒÎ ÑÏÎÑÎÁ ÑÍÈÆÀÒÜ ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÎÅ ÍÀÏÐ߯ÅÍÈÅ.
ÃËÀÂÍÛÉ ÂÛÂÎÄ
ÒÛ ÏÐÀÂ Â ÎÄÍÎÌ: ÝÒÎ ÊËÀÑÑÈÊÀ ÃÅÃÅÌÎÍÀ.
ÍÎ ÍÅ Â ÑÌÛÑËÅ “ÑÏÅÖÈÀËÜÍÎ ÂѨ ËÎÌÀÅÒ”.
À Â ÑÌÛÑËÅ:
ÊÎÍÒÐÎËÈÐÓÅÒ ÏÎÒÎÊÈ, ÓÇÊÈÅ ÌÅÑÒÀ, ÐÅÑÓÐÑÛ È ÑÎÞÇÍÈÊÎÂ.
ÈÌÅÍÍÎ ÒÀÊ ÐÀÁÎÒÀËÈ:
ÐÈÌ
ÂÈÇÀÍÒÈß
ÁÐÈÒÀÍÈß
ÑØÀ
ÑÕÅÌÀ ÎÄÍÀ È ÒÀ ÆÅ ×ÅÐÅÇ ÂÅÊÀ.
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ÑÓÕÎ ÑÊÎËÜÊÎ ÑØÀ  ÈÒÎÃÅ ÇÀÐÀÁÎÒÀÞÒ ÎÒ ÝÒÎÉ ÑÈÒÓÀÖÈÈ? ÎÍÈ ÇÀÏÎËÍßÒ ÃÎÇÎ ÕÐÀÍÈËÈÙÅ ÅÑ? ÒÀÌ ÁÎÁËÀ ÑÐÓÁßÒ? ÅÙ¨ ÃÄÅ ÒÎ? ß ÍÅ ÏÎÍÈÌÀÞ? ÄÎÐÎÃÈÌ ÃÀÇÎÌ ÐÀÇÂÅ ÌÎÆÅÒ ÅÑ ÇÀÏÎËÍÈÒÜ ÁÀÊ ÍÀ ÇÈÌÓ? ÝÒÎ ÆÅ ÐÔ ÄÅËÀËÀ?  ÀÂÃÓÑÒÅ ÖÅÍÛ ÂÑÅÃÄÀ ÂÇËÅÒÀÞÒ. ÄÎ ÀÂÃÓÑÒÀ ÑØÀ ÑÌÎÃÓÒ Â ÅÑ ÏÎÄÇÅÌÅËÚÅ ÂÃÎÍßÒÜ? À ÑÀÌÈ ÑØÀ ÐÅÇÅÐÂÛ? ÒÀÌ ØÂÀÕ ÑÈÒÓÀÖÈß?  ÌÈÐÅ 2 ÁÎËÜØÈÕ ÁÀÊÀ ÆÅ? ÝÒÎ Â ÅÑ? ÍÀ ÝÒÎÌ ÑÅÉ×ÀÑ ÃÀÇÎ ÁÀÊ ÑØÀ ÍÀÂÀÐßÒÜÑß? À ÑØÀ ÍÅÔÒÅ ÁÀÊ Â ÑÎËßÍÛÕ ØÀÕÒÀÕ? ÊÎÐÎ×Å ÑØÀ ÑÄÅËÀËÈ ÕÎÄ. ÑÓÒÜ ÑÒÎÏÎÐÍÓËÈ ÎÐÌÓÇ È ÑÀÌÈ ÁÎÁÎÑ ÂÀÐßÒ? ÎÍÈ ÍÀ Í¨Ì ÝÒÎÌ ÊÐÈÇÈÑÅ ÏÎÄÍÈÓÒÜÑß? ÄÅÍÅà ÏÎÄÍÈÌÓÒ? ÈÍÀ×Å ÑÌÛÑË?
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ÑÓÕÎ È ÏÎ ÖÈÔÐÀÌ: ÑØÀ ÍÅ “ÇÀÐÀÁÀÒÛÂÀÞÒ ÊÀÊ ÃÎÑÓÄÀÐÑÒÂΔ ÍÀÏÐßÌÓÞ, ÍÎ ÀÌÅÐÈÊÀÍÑÊÈÅ ÝÍÅÐÃÎÊÎÌÏÀÍÈÈ, ÒÐÅÉÄÅÐÛ, ÒÅÐÌÈÍÀËÛ LNG, ÍÅÔÒÅÏÅÐÅÐÀÁÎÒÊÀ È ÑÒÐÀÕÎÂÙÈÊÈ ÑÅÉ×ÀÑ ÄÅÉÑÒÂÈÒÅËÜÍÎ ÏÎËÓ×ÀÞÒ ÑÂÅÐÕÄÎÕÎÄÛ. ÝÒÎ ÍÅ ÄÎÊÀÇÛÂÀÅÒ, ×ÒÎ “ÑØÀ ÑÏÅÖÈÀËÜÍÎ ÑÄÅËÀËÈ ÕÎÄ”, — ÊÐÈÇÈÑ ÑÀÌ ÏÎ ÑÅÁÅ ÏÅÐÅÍÎÑÈÒ ÄÅÍÅÆÍÛÅ ÏÎÒÎÊÈ Ê ÒÅÌ, Ó ÊÎÃÎ ÅÑÒÜ ÀËÜÒÅÐÍÀÒÈÂÍÎÅ ÏÐÅÄËÎÆÅÍÈÅ.
1) ÑÊÎËÜÊÎ ÌÎÃÓÒ ÏÎÄÍßÒÜ ÑØÀ — ÃÐÓÁÀß ÎÖÅÍÊÀ
ÏÎ ÔÀÊÒÓ Â ÌÀÐÒÅ 2026 ÝÊÑÏÎÐÒ LNG ÈÇ ÑØÀ ÂÛØÅË ÍÀ ÐÅÊÎÐÄ 11.7 ÌËÍ ÒÎÍÍ ÇÀ ÌÅÑßÖ, ÈÇ ÍÈÕ 64% ÏÎØËÎ Â ÅÂÐÎÏÓ = 7.49 ÌËÍ ÒÎÍÍ.
ÏÅÐÅÂÅÄ¨Ì Â ÎÁÚ¨Ì ÃÀÇÀ:
1 ÌËÍ ÒÎÍÍ LNG ; 1.38 BCM ÃÀÇÀ
ÇÍÀ×ÈÒ:
7.49 ; 1.38 ; 10.3 BCM ÇÀ ÌÅÑßÖ Â ÅÂÐÎÏÓ
ÅÑËÈ ÄÅÐÆÀÒÜ ÒÀÊÎÉ ÒÅÌÏ ÄÎ ÀÂÃÓÑÒÀ (4 ÌÅÑßÖÀ):
10.3 ; 4 ; 41 BCM
ÝÒÎ ÓÆÅ Î×ÅÍÜ ÑÓÙÅÑÒÂÅÍÍÛÉ ÎÁÚ¨Ì ÄËß ÇÀÏÎËÍÅÍÈß ÅÂÐÎÏÅÉÑÊÈÕ ÕÐÀÍÈËÈÙ.
2) ÑÊÎËÜÊÎ ÍÀ ÝÒÎÌ ÄÅÍÅÃ
ÑÅÉ×ÀÑ ÑÏÎÒ Â ÅÂÐÎÏÅ ÏÎÑËÅ ØÎÊÀ ÕÎÄÈÒ Â ÐÀÉÎÍÅ ˆ50–90/MWH,  ÇÀÂÈÑÈÌÎÑÒÈ ÎÒ ÑÖÅÍÀÐÈß.
ÃÐÓÁÎ:
1 BCM ; 10.7 TWH
ÒÎÃÄÀ 41 BCM ; 438 TWH
ÅÑËÈ ÂÇßÒÜ ÑÐÅÄÍÞÞ ÖÅÍÓ ˆ60/MWH:
438,000,000 MWH ; ˆ60 ; ˆ26.3 ÌËÐÄ ÂÛÐÓ×ÊÈ
ÝÒÎ ÍÅ ×ÈÑÒÀß ÏÐÈÁÛËÜ, À ÂÛÐÓ×ÊÀ ÎÒ ÏÎÑÒÀÂÎÊ Â ÅÑ ÄÎ ÀÂÃÓÑÒÀ ÏÐÈ ÑÎÕÐÀÍÅÍÈÈ ÒÅÊÓÙÅÃÎ ÒÅÌÏÀ.
ÏÐÈÁÛËÜ ÌÎÆÅÒ ÁÛÒÜ ÃÐÓÁÎ $5–10+ ÌËÐÄ ÄËß ÂÑÅÉ ÖÅÏÎ×ÊÈ ÑØÀ (ÄÎÁÛ×À + ÑÆÈÆÅÍÈÅ + ÔÐÀÕÒ + ÒÐÅÉÄÈÍÃ).
3) ÌÎÆÅÒ ËÈ ÅÑ ÇÀÏÎËÍÈÒÜ “ÁÀÊ” Ê ÇÈÌÅ
ÄÀ, ÍÎ ÄÎÐÎÃÎ.
ÏÎÑËÅ 2022 ÅÑ ÓÆÅ ÓÌÅÅÒ ÇÀÏÎËÍßÒÜ ÏÕÃ ÁÅÇ ÐÔ.
ÐÀÍÜØÅ ÝÒÎ ÄÅËÀËÎÑÜ Â ÒÎÌ ×ÈÑËÅ ÇÀ Ñ×¨Ò Gazprom È ÐÎÑÑÈÉÑÊÎÃÎ ÒÐÓÁÎÏÐÎÂÎÄÍÎÃÎ ÃÀÇÀ, ÑÅÉ×ÀÑ — ÇÀ ÑרÒ:
ÑØÀ LNG
ÍÎÐÂÅÃÈÈ
ÀËÆÈÐÀ
ÀÇÅÐÁÀÉÄÆÀÍÀ
×ÀÑÒÈ×ÍÎ ÑÏÎÒ-ÐÛÍÊÀ
ÍÎ ÖÅÍÀ ÄËß ÏÐÎÌÛØËÅÍÍÎÑÒÈ È ÍÀÑÅËÅÍÈß ÂÛØÅ.
4) “2 ÁÎËÜØÈÕ ÁÀÊÀ”
ÒÛ, ÂÅÐÎßÒÍÎ, ÈÌÅÅØÜ Â ÂÈÄÓ:
ÅÂÐÎÏÅÉÑÊÈÅ ÏÎÄÇÅÌÍÛÅ ÕÐÀÍÈËÈÙÀ (ÏÕÃ)
È
ÑÒÐÀÒÅÃÈ×ÅÑÊÈÉ ÍÅÔÒßÍÎÉ ÐÅÇÅÐÂ ÑØÀ (SPR)
ÝÒÎ ÐÀÇÍÛÅ ÂÅÙÈ.
ÅÂÐÎÏÀ
ÝÒÎ ÃÀÇÎÂÛÅ ÏÕÃ.
ÈÕ ÍÀÄÎ ÍÀÏÎËÍßÒÜ ËÅÒÎÌ.
ÈÌÅÍÍÎ ÏÎÝÒÎÌÓ ËÅÒÎÌ È ÎÑÎÁÅÍÍÎ Ê ÀÂÃÓÑÒÓ ÖÅÍÛ ×ÀÑÒÎ ÏÎËÇÓÒ ÂÂÅÐÕ — ÈÄ¨Ò ÑÅÇÎÍ ÇÀÊÀ×ÊÈ.
ÑØÀ
ÝÒÎ ÍÅÔÒÜ Â ÑÎËßÍÛÕ ÊÀÂÅÐÍÀÕ — Strategic Petroleum Reserve.
ÝÒÎ ÍÅ ÏÐÎ ÃÀÇ ÄËß ÅÑ.
5) ÏÎÄÍÈÌÓÒÑß ËÈ ÑØÀ ÍÀ ÊÐÈÇÈÑÅ
ÊÀÊ ÑÒÐÀÍÀ — ×ÀÑÒÈ×ÍÎ.
ÊÀÊ ÁÈÇÍÅÑ — ÄÀ, ÑÈËÜÍÎ.
ÂÛÈÃÐÛÂÀÞÒ:
Cheniere Energy
ExxonMobil
Chevron Corporation
LNG ÒÅÐÌÈÍÀËÛ
ÒÀÍÊÅÐÍÛÅ ÊÎÌÏÀÍÈÈ
ÒÐÅÉÄÅÐÛ
ÍÅÔÒÅÏÅÐÅÐÀÁÎÒÊÀ
ÍÎ ÅÑÒÜ È ÎÁÐÀÒÍÀß ÑÒÎÐÎÍÀ:
Â ÑØÀ ÓÆÅ ÐÀÑÒÓÒ ÖÅÍÛ ÍÀ ÁÅÍÇÈÍ È ÄÈÇÅËÜ.
ÒÎ ÅÑÒÜ ÎÍÈ ÇÀÐÀÁÀÒÛÂÀÞÒ ÍÀ ÝÊÑÏÎÐÒÅ, ÍÎ ×ÀÑÒÜ ÝÒÎÃÎ ÁÜ¨Ò ÏÎ ÑÎÁÑÒÂÅÍÍÎÌÓ ÏÎÒÐÅÁÈÒÅËÞ.
ÊËÞ×ÅÂÎÉ ÂÛÂÎÄ
ÑÌÛÑË ÍÅ Â ÒÎÌ, ×ÒÎ “ÊÒÎ-ÒÎ ÑÏÅÖÈÀËÜÍÎ ÎÑÒÀÍÎÂÈË ORMUZ ÐÀÄÈ ÄÅÍÅÔ.
ÑÌÛÑË Â ÒÎÌ, ×ÒÎ ÏÐÈ ËÞÁÎÌ ÑÁÎÅ ÓÇÊÎÃÎ ÃÎÐËÛØÊÀ ÄÅÍÜÃÈ ÏÅÐÅÒÅÊÀÞÒ Ê ÀËÜÒÅÐÍÀÒÈÂÍÎÌÓ ÏÎÑÒÀÂÙÈÊÓ.
ÑÅÉ×ÀÑ ÝÒÈÌ ÏÎÑÒÀÂÙÈÊÎÌ ÄËß ÅÂÐÎÏÛ ÂÎ ÌÍÎÃÎÌ ÑÒÀËÈ ÑØÀ.
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ÑÄÅËÀÅÌ ÝÒÎ ÊÀÊ ÍÅÏÐÅÐÛÂÍÓÞ ËÈÍÈÞ ÑÌÅÍÛ ÌÈÐÎÂÛÕ ÖÅÍÒÐÎÂ:
1798 => 2026, ×ÒÎÁÛ ÁÛËÎ ÂÈÄÍÎ, ÊÀÊ ÂËÀÑÒÜ È ÊÀÏÈÒÀË ÏÅÐÅÒÅÊÀËÈ ×ÅÐÅÇ ÂÎÉÍÛ, ÏÐÎËÈÂÛ È ÔÈÍÀÍÑÛ.
1) 1798–1815 — ÊÐÀÕ ÑÒÀÐÎÉ ÅÂÐÎÏÛ È ÂÎÇÂÛØÅÍÈÅ ÁÐÈÒÀÍÈÈ
1798 — ÔÐÀÍÖÓÇÛ ÂÕÎÄßÒ Â ÐÈÌ, ÏÀÏÑÊÀß ÑÂÅÒÑÊÀß ÌÎÙÜ ÐÅÇÊÎ ÎÑËÀÁÅÂÀÅÒ.
ÄÀËÜØÅ ÈÄÓÒ ÍÀÏÎËÅÎÍÎÂÑÊÈÅ ÂÎÉÍÛ.
ÊÒÎ ÂÛÈÃÐÀË Â ÈÒÎÃÅ?
ÁÐÈÒÀÍÈß.
ÏÎ×ÅÌÓ:
ÊÎÍÒÐÎËÜ ÌÎÐÅÉ
ÔËÎÒ
ÔÈÍÀÍÑÎÂÛÉ ÖÅÍÒÐ Â ËÎÍÄÎÍÅ
ÑÒÐÀÕÎÂÀÍÈÅ È ÊÐÅÄÈÒ
ÏÎÑËÅ 1815 ÈÌÅÍÍÎ ËÎÍÄÎÍ ÑÒÀË ÃËÀÂÍÛÌ ÓÇËÎÌ ÌÈÐÎÂÎÉ ÒÎÐÃÎÂËÈ.
2) 1815–1914 — ÂÅÊ ÁÐÈÒÀÍÑÊÎÉ ÃÅÃÅÌÎÍÈÈ
ÝÒÎ “PAX BRITANNICA”.
ÊËÞ×ÅÂÎÅ:
ÏÐÎËÈÂÛ
ÊÀÍÀËÛ
ÊÎËÎÍÈÈ
ÌÎÐÑÊÈÅ ÏÓÒÈ
ÎÑÎÁÅÍÍÎ ÏÎÑËÅ ÎÒÊÐÛÒÈß Suez Canal Opening  1869.
ÊÒÎ ÊÎÍÒÐÎËÈÐÓÅÒ ÓÇÊÈÅ ÃÎÐËÛØÊÈ —
ÒÎÒ ÊÎÍÒÐÎËÈÐÓÅÒ ÄÅÍÜÃÈ.
ÝÒÎ ÆÅ ËÎÃÈÊÀ, ×ÒÎ ÌÛ ÂÈÄÈÌ Ñ ORMUZ ÑÅÉ×ÀÑ.
3) 1914–1945 — ÊÐÀÕ ÅÂÐÎÏÅÉÑÊÎÃÎ ÖÅÍÒÐÀ
ÄÂÅ ÌÈÐÎÂÛÅ ÂÎÉÍÛ ËÎÌÀÞÒ ÅÂÐÎÏÓ.
ÁÐÈÒÀÍÈß È ÔÐÀÍÖÈß ÈÑÒÎÙÅÍÛ.
ÊÒÎ ÏÎÄÍÈÌÀÅÒÑß?
United States
Soviet Union
ÏÎÑËÅ 1945 ÌÈÐ ÑÒÀÍÎÂÈÒÑß ÄÂÓÏÎËßÐÍÛÌ.
4) 1945–1991 — ÑØÀ È ÑÑÑÐ
ÇÄÅÑÜ ÃÅÃÅÌÎÍÈß ÓÆÅ ÍÅ ÒÎËÜÊÎ ÂÎÅÍÍÀß, ÍÎ È ÂÀËÞÒÍÀß.
ÏÎÑËÅ Bretton Woods Conference
ÄÎËËÀÐ ÑÒÀÍÎÂÈÒÑß ÃËÀÂÍÎÉ ÂÀËÞÒÎÉ.
ÒÎ ÅÑÒÜ:
ÌÎÐÅ + ÍÅÔÒÜ + ÄÎËËÀÐ = ÍÎÂÀß ÀÐÕÈÒÅÊÒÓÐÀ
5) 1991–2020 — ÎÄÍÎÏÎËßÐÍÛÉ ÌÎÌÅÍÒ ÑØÀ
ÏÎÑËÅ ÐÀÑÏÀÄÀ ÑÑÑÐ ÑØÀ ÏÎËÓ×ÀÞÒ ÏÈÊ ÂËÈßÍÈß:
ÔÈÍÀÍÑÛ
ÒÅÕÍÎËÎÃÈÈ
ÌÎÐÑÊÈÅ ÏÓÒÈ
SWIFT / ÄÎËËÀÐ
ÍÎ ÓÆÅ ÐÀÑÒ¨Ò China.
6) 2020–2026 — ÝÏÎÕÀ ÓÇÊÈÕ ÃÎÐËÛØÅÊ
ÑÅÉ×ÀÑ ÃËÀÂÍÀß ËÎÃÈÊÀ ÍÅ Â “ÏÎËÍÎÌ ÓÏÐÀÂËÅÍÈÈ ÌÈÐÎÌ”, À  ÊÎÍÒÐÎËÅ ÊÐÈÒÈ×ÅÑÊÈÕ ÒÎ×ÅÊ:
Strait of Hormuz
Suez Canal
ÏÎËÓÏÐÎÂÎÄÍÈÊÈ
ÐÅÄÊÎÇÅÌÛ
ÃÅËÈÉ
ÑÏÓÒÍÈÊÎÂÀß ÍÀÂÈÃÀÖÈß
ÏÎ ÄÀÍÍÛÌ ÍÀ 1–2 ÀÏÐÅËß 2026 ÏÐÎËÈ ÎÑÒÀ¨ÒÑß ÏÐÀÊÒÈ×ÅÑÊÈ ÇÀÊÐÛÒÛÌ, ×ÒÎ ÓÆÅ ÁÜ¨Ò ÏÎ ÍÅÔÒÈ, LNG, ÃÅËÈÞ È ÔÈÍÀÍÑÎÂÛÌ ÐÛÍÊÀÌ.
7) ÊÒÎ ÂÛÈÃÐÛÂÀÅÒ ÑÅÉ×ÀÑ
ÏÎ ËÎÃÈÊÅ ÈÑÒÎÐÈÈ ÂÛÈÃÐÛÂÀÞÒ ÍÅ “ÒÀÉÍÛÅ ÓÏÐÀÂËÅÍÖÛ”, À ÒÅ, ÊÒÎ ÊÎÍÒÐÎËÈÐÓÅÒ ÀËÜÒÅÐÍÀÒÈÂÍÛÅ ÏÎÒÎÊÈ:
ÑØÀ ÊÀÊ ÝÊÑÏÎÐҨРÝÍÅÐÃÈÈ
ÊÐÓÏÍÛÅ ÒÐÅÉÄÅÐÛ È ÑÒÐÀÕÎÂÙÈÊÈ
ÑÒÐÀÍÛ Ñ ÐÅÇÅÐÂÀÌÈ
ÀËÜÒÅÐÍÀÒÈÂÍÛÅ ÌÀÐØÐÓÒÛ
UNCTAD ÓÆÅ ÏÐÅÄÓÏÐÅÆÄÀÅÒ Î ÐÅÇÊÎÌ ÇÀÌÅÄËÅÍÈÈ ÌÈÐÎÂÎÉ ÒÎÐÃÎÂËÈ È ÐÎÑÒÅ ÈÍÔËßÖÈÈ.
ÑÓÏÅÐ-ÊÎÐÎÒÊÀß ËÈÍÈß
1798
ÏÀÄÅÍÈÅ ÑÒÀÐÎÃÎ ÅÂÐÎÏÅÉÑÊÎÃÎ ÏÎÐßÄÊÀ
=>
1815
ËÎÍÄÎÍ
=>
1945
ÂÀØÈÍÃÒÎÍ + ÌÎÑÊÂÀ
=>
1991
ÂÀØÈÍÃÒÎÍ
=>
2026
ÁÎÐÜÁÀ ÇÀ ÏÐÎËÈÂÛ, ÝÍÅÐÃÈÞ È ËÎÃÈÑÒÈÊÓ
ÃËÀÂÍÛÉ ÓÐÎÊ ÈÑÒÎÐÈÈ:
ÊÒÎ ÄÅÐÆÈÒ ÓÇÊÎÅ ÃÎÐËÛØÊÎ ÑÈÑÒÅÌÛ — ÒÎÒ ÏÎËÓ×ÀÅÒ ÍÅÏÐÎÏÎÐÖÈÎÍÀËÜÍÓÞ ÂÛÃÎÄÓ.
È ÑÅÉ×ÀÑ ORMUZ — ÝÒÎ ÒÀÊÎÅ ÆÅ “ÃÎÐËÛØÊΔ, ÊÀÊ ÑÓÝÖ Â XIX ÂÅÊÅ ÈËÈ ÌÎÐÑÊÈÅ ÏÓÒÈ ÁÐÈÒÀÍÈÈ Â XIX–XX ÂÅÊÀÕ.
###
ÑÄÅËÀÅÌ ÝÒÎ ÊÀÊ ÃËÎÁÀËÜÍÓÞ ÊÀÐÒÓ ÏÅÐÅÍÎÑÀ ÖÅÍÒÐÎÂ ÑÈËÛ: 1453 ; 1798, È ÎÒÄÅËÈÌ ÔÀÊÒÛ ÎÒ ÈÍÒÅÐÏÐÅÒÀÖÈÉ.
1) 1453 — ÏÀÄÅÍÈÅ ÊÎÍÑÒÀÍÒÈÍÎÏÎËß: ÊÒÎ ×ÒÎ ÏÎËÓ×ÈË
ÎÑÌÀÍÛ
ÃËÀÂÍÛÉ ÏÐßÌÎÉ ÂÛÈÃÐÛØ.
ÎÍÈ ÏÎËÓ×ÈËÈ:
ÊÎÍÑÒÀÍÒÈÍÎÏÎËÜ
ÊÎÍÒÐÎËÜ ÁÎÑÔÎÐÀ È ÏÐÎËÈÂÎÂ
ÑÈÌÂÎËÈ×ÅÑÊÎÅ ÍÀÑËÅÄÈÅ ÐÈÌÀ
ÌÅÕÌÅÄ II ÄÀÆÅ ÏÐÅÒÅÍÄÎÂÀË ÍÀ ÐÈÌÑÊÎÅ ÍÀÑËÅÄÈÅ ×ÅÐÅÇ ÒÈÒÓË KAISER-I RUM.
ÇÀÏÀÄ / ÏÀÏÑÒÂÎ
ÄËß ÏÀÏÑÒÂÀ ÝÒÎ ÁÛË ÓÄÀÐ, ÍÎ È ÂÎÇÌÎÆÍÎÑÒÜ.
ÏÀÄÅÍÈÅ ÂÈÇÀÍÒÈÈ ÓÑÈËÈËÎ ÈÄÅÞ:
ÐÈÌ = ÅÄÈÍÑÒÂÅÍÍÛÉ ÓÑÒÎÉ×ÈÂÛÉ ÕÐÈÑÒÈÀÍÑÊÈÉ ÖÅÍÒÐ ÍÀ ÇÀÏÀÄÅ.
ÏÀÏÛ ÏÛÒÀËÈÑÜ ÑÎÇÄÀÒÜ ÊÐÅÑÒÎÂÛÉ ÎÒÂÅÒ, ÍÎ ÐÅÑÓÐÑÎÂ ÍÅ ÕÂÀÒÀËÎ.
2) ÇÎß (ÑÎÔÜß) ÏÀËÅÎËÎÃ È ÈÂÀÍ III — ÇÀ×ÅÌ ÝÒÎ ÁÛËÎ ÂÀÒÈÊÀÍÓ
ÂÎÒ ÝÒÎ ÊËÞ×ÅÂÎÉ ÓÇÅË.
ÔÀÊÒ
 1472 ZOE / SOPHIA PALAIOLGINA ÂÛØËÀ ÇÀÌÓÆ ÇÀ IVAN III.
ÇÀ×ÅÌ ÝÒÎ ÏÀÏÅ
ÏÀÏÀ PAUL II È ÊÀÐÄÈÍÀË BESSARION ÍÀÄÅßËÈÑÜ:
ÏÐÈÂßÇÀÒÜ ÌÎÑÊÂÓ Ê ÐÈÌÓ
ÏÐÎÄÂÈÍÓÒÜ ÓÍÈÞ ÖÅÐÊÂÅÉ
ÑÎÇÄÀÒÜ ÍÎÂÛÉ ÂÎÑÒÎ×ÍÛÉ ÎÏËÎÒ ÏÐÎÒÈ ÎÑÌÀÍÎÂ
ÝÒÎ ÁÛËÀ ÍÅ “ÒÀÉÍÀß ÑÕÅÌÀ”, À ÎÒÊÐÛÒÀß ÃÅÎÏÎËÈÒÈÊÀ È ÖÅÐÊÎÂÍÀß ÄÈÏËÎÌÀÒÈß.
×ÒÎ ÏÎËÓ×ÈËÀ ÌÎÑÊÂÀ
ÂÎÒ ÇÄÅÑÜ ÑËÓ×ÈËÑß ÈÑÒÎÐÈ×ÅÑÊÈÉ ÏÅÐÅÂÎÐÎÒ.
ÂÌÅÑÒÎ ÓÑÈËÅÍÈß ÐÈÌÀ ÌÎÑÊÂÀ ÂÇßËÀ:
ÄÂÓÃËÀÂÎÃÎ ÎÐËÀ
ÂÈÇÀÍÒÈÉÑÊÈÉ ÖÅÐÅÌÎÍÈÀË
ÈÄÅÞ ÍÀÑËÅÄÈß ÈÌÏÅÐÈÈ
È ÏÎÇÆÅ ÐÎÄÈËÀÑÜ ÄÎÊÒÐÈÍÀ:
ÌÎÑÊÂÀ — ÒÐÅÒÈÉ ÐÈÌ.
ÒÎ ÅÑÒÜ ÂÀÒÈÊÀÍ ÍÅ ÄÎÑÒÈÃ ÏÎËÍÎÉ ÖÅËÈ.
3) 1492 — ÇÀÂÅÐØÅÍÈÅ ÐÅÊÎÍÊÈÑÒÛ
ÝÒÎ ÂÒÎÐÎÉ ÃËÎÁÀËÜÍÛÉ ÏÅÐÅËÎÌ.
ÏÀÄÅÍÈÅ GRANADA = ÊÎÍÅÖ ÌÓÑÓËÜÌÀÍÑÊÎÉ ÂËÀÑÒÈ Â ÈÁÅÐÈÈ.
ÂÛÈÃÐÛÂÀÞÒ:
CASTILE
ARAGON
ÏÀÏÑÒÂÎ ÊÀÊ ÄÓÕÎÂÍÛÉ ÁÅÍÅÔÈÖÈÀÐ
ÝÒÎ ÄÀËÎ ÈÑÏÀÍÈÈ:
ÂÍÓÒÐÅÍÍÞÞ ÊÎÍÑÎËÈÄÀÖÈÞ
ÐÅÑÓÐÑÛ
ËÅÃÈÒÈÌÍÎÑÒÜ ÄËß ÂÍÅØÍÅÉ ÝÊÑÏÀÍÑÈÈ
È ÓÆÅ Â ÒÎÌ ÆÅ 1492 — ÊÎËÓÌÁ.
ÒÎ ÅÑÒÜ:
ÐÅÊÎÍÊÈÑÒÀ => ÀÒËÀÍÒÈÊÀ => ÈÌÏÅÐÈß
4) ÑÒÎßÍÈÅ ÍÀ ÓÃÐÅ 1480
ÝÒÎ ÊËÞ× ÄËß ÌÎÑÊÂÛ.
ÑÒÎßÍÈÅ ÍÀ ÓÃÐÅ ÔÀÊÒÈ×ÅÑÊÈ ÇÀÊÐÅÏÈËÎ ÎÑÂÎÁÎÆÄÅÍÈÅ ÎÒ ÎÐÄÛÍÑÊÎÉ ÇÀÂÈÑÈÌÎÑÒÈ.
ÑÕÅÌÀ ÂÛÃËßÄÈÒ ÒÀÊ:
1453 => ÂÈÇÀÍÒÈß ÏÀÄÀÅÒ
1472 => ÌÎÑÊÂÀ ÁÅÐ¨Ò ÑÈÌÂÎËÛ
1480 => ÌÎÑÊÂÀ ÏÎËÓ×ÀÅÒ ÏÎËÈÒÈ×ÅÑÊÓÞ ÍÅÇÀÂÈÑÈÌÎÑÒÜ
1492 => ÈÑÏÀÍÈß ÇÀÊÀÍ×ÈÂÀÅÒ ÐÅÊÎÍÊÈÑÒÓ
ÝÒÎ ÔÀÊÒÈ×ÅÑÊÈ ÐÎÆÄÅÍÈÅ ÍÎÂÎÉ ÅÂÐÎÏÛ.
5) “ÎÑÌÀÍÛ ÂßÇÍÓÒ, ÄÎ ÂÀÒÈÊÀÍÀ ÍÅ ÄÎØËÈ”
ÒÓÒ ÍÓÆÍÀ ÒÎ×ÍÎÑÒÜ.
ÎÑÌÀÍÛ Î×ÅÍÜ ÄÀËÅÊÎ ÏÐÎØËÈ:
ÁÀËÊÀÍÛ
ÂÅÍÃÐÈß
ÎÑÀÄÛ ÂÅÍÛ 1529 È 1683
ÍÎ ÄÎ ÐÈÌÀ / ÂÀÒÈÊÀÍÀ ÎÍÈ ÍÅ ÄÎØËÈ.
ÏÐÈ×ÈÍÛ:
ËÎÃÈÑÒÈÊÀ
ÑÎÏÐÎÒÈÂËÅÍÈÅ ÃÀÁÑÁÓÐÃÎÂ
ÌÎÐÑÊÎÉ ÁÀËÀÍÑ
ÂÍÓÒÐÅÍÍÅÅ ÐÀÑÒ߯ÅÍÈÅ ÈÌÏÅÐÈÈ
ÝÒÎ ÍÅ “ÂÍÅØÍÈÉ ÊÎÍÒÓД, À ÎÁÛ×ÍÀß ËÎÃÈÊÀ ÏÐÅÄÅËÀ ÝÊÑÏÀÍÑÈÈ.
6) “ÊÐÀÕ ÂÀÒÈÊÀÍÑÊÎÉ ÃÅÃÅÌÎÍÈÈ” 1789–1798
ÂÎÒ ÝÒÎ ÓÆÅ Î×ÅÍÜ ÈÍÒÅÐÅÑÍÛÉ ÏÅÐÅËÎÌ.
ß ÁÛ ÍÀÇÂÀË ÝÒÎ ÍÅ ÊÐÀÕÎÌ ÂÀÒÈÊÀÍÀ, À ÊÐÀÕÎÌ ÑÒÀÐÎÉ ÏÀÏÑÊÎ-ÌÎÍÀÐÕÈ×ÅÑÊÎÉ ÅÂÐÎÏÛ.
1789
FRENCH REVOLUTION
ËÅÃÈÒÈÌÍÎÑÒÜ ÁÎËÜØÅ ÍÅ ÈÄ¨Ò ÒÎËÜÊÎ ÎÒ ÖÅÐÊÂÈ È ÌÎÍÀÐÕÀ.
ÈÄ¨Ò ÈÄÅß:
ÍÀÖÈÈ
ÃÐÀÆÄÀÍÈÍÀ
ÑÓÂÅÐÅÍÈÒÅÒÀ ÍÀÐÎÄÀ
1798
ÔÐÀÍÖÓÇÛ ÇÀÍÈÌÀÞÒ ÐÈÌ, ÑÎÇÄÀÞÒ ROMAN REPUBLIC, ÏÀÏÓ PIUS VI ÓÂÎÇßÒ Â ÏËÅÍ.
ÂÎÒ ÝÒÎ È ÅÑÒÜ ÐÅÀËÜÍÛÉ ÏÎËÈÒÈ×ÅÑÊÈÉ ÎÁÂÀË ÏÀÏÑÊÎÉ ÑÂÅÒÑÊÎÉ ÌÎÙÈ.
ÃËÎÁÀËÜÍÀß ÖÅÏÜ
1453
ÂÈÇÀÍÒÈß ÏÀÄÀÅÒ
=>
1472
ÌÎÑÊÂÀ ÁÅÐ¨Ò ËÅÃÈÒÈÌÍÎÑÒÜ ×ÅÐÅÇ ÏÀËÅÎËÎÃÎÂ
=>
1480
ÍÅÇÀÂÈÑÈÌÎÑÒÜ ÌÎÑÊÂÛ
=>
1492
ÈÑÏÀÍÈß È ÏÀÏÑÒÂÎ ÍÀ ÏÈÊÅ
=>
1517
ÐÅÔÎÐÌÀÖÈß ÁÜ¨Ò ÏÎ ÌÎÍÎÏÎËÈÈ ÐÈÌÀ
=>
1789–1798
ÐÅÂÎËÞÖÈß ËÎÌÀÅÒ ÑÒÀÐÛÉ ÏÎÐßÄÎÊ
###
ÑÄÅËÀÅÌ ÝÒÎ ÍÀÃËßÄÍÎ, ÊÀÊ “ÑÌÅÍÓ ÖÅÍÒÐΠÑÈËÛ”, ×ÒÎÁÛ ÁÛËÎ ÂÈÄÍÎ: ÊÒÎ ÏÀÄÀË, ÊÒÎ ÏÎÄÍÈÌÀËÑß, ÊÒÎ ÂÛÈÃÐÛÂÀË ÍÀ ÏÅÐÅËÎÌÅ.
ÎÁÙÀß ÑÕÅÌÀ: 476 => 1453
476 = ÏÀÄÅÍÈÅ ÇÀÏÀÄÍÎÃÎ ÐÈÌÀ
1453 = ÏÀÄÅÍÈÅ ÂÈÇÀÍÒÈÈ / ÊÎÍÑÒÀÍÒÈÍÎÏÎËß
ÝÒÎ ÍÅ “ÎÄÈÍ ÊÐÀÕ”, À ÏÅÐÅÍÎÑ ÖÅÍÒÐÀ ÌÈÐÀ ÍÀ ÂÎÑÒÎÊ, À ÏÎÒÎÌ ÅÃÎ ÌÅÄËÅÍÍÎÅ ÈÑÒÎÙÅÍÈÅ.
1) 476–527 — ÊÒÎ ÏÎÄÕÂÀÒÈË ÌÈÐ ÏÎÑËÅ ÐÈÌÀ
ÏÀÄÀÅÒ
ÇÀÏÀÄÍÀß ÐÈÌÑÊÀß ÈÌÏÅÐÈß
ÈÒÀËÈß
ÃÀËËÈß
ÈÑÏÀÍÈß
ÁÐÈÒÀÍÈß
ÓÕÎÄßÒ ÏÎÄ ÍÎÂÛÅ ÊÎÐÎËÅÂÑÒÂÀ.
ÂÛÈÃÐÛÂÀÞÒ
ÂÎÑÒÎ×ÍÛÉ ÐÈÌ / ÂÈÇÀÍÒÈß
ÑÒÎËÈÖÀ — ÊÎÍÑÒÀÍÒÈÍÎÏÎËÜ
ÈÌÅÍÍÎ ÎÍÀ ÑÒÀÍÎÂÈÒÑß ÍÎÂÛÌ “ßÄÐÎÌ ÖÈÂÈËÈÇÀÖÈÈ”.
ÂÛÈÃÐÛÂÀÞÒ
ÂÎÑÒÎ×ÍÛÉ ÐÈÌ / ÂÈÇÀÍÒÈß
ÑÒÎËÈÖÀ — ÊÎÍÑÒÀÍÒÈÍÎÏÎËÜ
ÈÌÅÍÍÎ ÎÍÀ ÑÒÀÍÎÂÈÒÑß ÍÎÂÛÌ “ßÄÐÎÌ ÖÈÂÈËÈÇÀÖÈÈ”.
ÂÀÐÂÀÐÑÊÈÅ ÊÎÐÎËÅÂÑÒÂÀ
ÎÄÎÀÊÐ
ÎÑÒÃÎÒÛ
ÂÅÑÒÃÎÒÛ
ÔÐÀÍÊÈ
ÎÍÈ ÇÀÁÈÐÀÞÒ ÇÅÌËÈ, ÍÀËÎÃÈ, ÀÐÌÈÈ.
2) 527–565 — ÞÑÒÈÍÈÀÍ: ÏÎÑËÅÄÍÈÉ ÂÅËÈÊÈÉ ÐÛÂÎÊ
ÝÒÎ ÏÎÏÛÒÊÀ ÑÎÁÐÀÒÜ ÐÈÌ ÎÁÐÀÒÍÎ.
ÊÒÎ
EMPEROR JUSTINIAN I
ÎÍ ÂÎÇÂÐÀÙÀÅÒ:
ÈÒÀËÈÞ
ÑÅÂÅÐÍÓÞ ÀÔÐÈÊÓ
×ÀÑÒÜ ÈÑÏÀÍÈÈ
È ÑÒÐÎÈÒ HAGIA SOPHIA.
ÍÎ ÖÅÍÀ
ÂÎÉÍÛ + ×ÓÌÀ + ÍÀËÎÃÈ
ÝÒÎ ÓÆÅ ÏÎÄÒÀ×ÈÂÀÅÒ ÑÈÑÒÅÌÓ.
ÒÎ ÅÑÒÜ:
 ÊÐÀÒÊÎÑÐÎ×ÊÅ ÂÛÈÃÐÀË ÞÑÒÈÍÈÀÍ
 ÄÎËÃÎÑÐÎ×ÊÅ ÈÌÏÅÐÈß ÈÑÒÎÙÈËÀÑÜ
3) 600–800 — ÊÒÎ ÎÒÊÓÑÈË ÂÈÇÀÍÒÈÞ
ÂÎÒ ÇÄÅÑÜ ÍÀ×ÈÍÀÅÒÑß ÃËÀÂÍÎÅ ÏÅÐÅÐÀÑÏÐÅÄÅËÅÍÈÅ.
ÂÛÈÃÐÛÂÀÅÒ ÈÑËÀÌÑÊÈÉ ÌÈÐ
ÀÐÀÁÑÊÈÅ ÕÀËÈÔÀÒÛ ÇÀÁÈÐÀÞÒ:
ÅÃÈÏÅÒ
ÑÈÐÈÞ
ÏÀËÅÑÒÈÍÓ
ÑÅÂÅÐÍÓÞ ÀÔÐÈÊÓ
À ÝÒÎ ÁÛËÈ ÊËÞ×ÅÂÛÅ ÄÅÍÅÆÍÛÅ ÏÐÎÂÈÍÖÈÈ.
ÒÎ ÅÑÒÜ ÂÈÇÀÍÒÈß ÒÅÐßÅÒ:
ÇÅÐÍÎ
ÍÀËÎÃÈ
ÏÎÐÒÛ
ÒÎÐÃÎÂËÞ
ÝÒÎ ÊÀÊ ÏÎÒÅÐß ÍÅÔÒÈ È ÌÎÐÑÊÈÕ ÏÓÒÅÉ ÑÅÃÎÄÍß.
4) 800–1071 — ÇÎËÎÒÎÉ ÐÅÂÀÍØ
ÝÒÎ ÂÒÎÐÎÉ ÏÈÊ ÂÈÇÀÍÒÈÈ.
ÎÑÎÁÅÍÍÎ ÏÐÈ ÌÀÊÅÄÎÍÑÊÎÉ ÄÈÍÀÑÒÈÈ.
ÂÎÇÂÐÀÙÀÞÒÑß:
ÁÀËÊÀÍÛ
×ÀÑÒÜ ÀÇÈÈ
ÝÊÎÍÎÌÈÊÀ
ÊÎÍÑÒÀÍÒÈÍÎÏÎËÜ ÑÍÎÂÀ — ÖÅÍÒÐ ÌÈÐÀ.
 ÝÒÎÒ ÌÎÌÅÍÒ ÂÛÈÃÐÛÂÀÞÒ:
ÊÓÏÖÛ
ÃÎÐÎÄÀ
ÖÅÐÊÎÂÜ
ÄÂÎÐ
5) 1071 — ÏÅÐÅËÎÌ
BATTLE OF MANZIKERT
ÂÎÒ ÝÒÎ ÎÄÈÍ ÈÇ ÃËÀÂÍÛÕ ÓÄÀÐÎÂ.
ÑÅËÜÄÆÓÊÈ ÐÀÇÁÈÂÀÞÒ ÂÈÇÀÍÒÈÞ.
ÎÍÀ ÒÅÐßÅÒ ÏÎ×ÒÈ ÂÑÞ ÌÀËÓÞ ÀÇÈÞ.
À ÝÒΠŨ ÎÑÍÎÂÍÀß ÂÎÅÍÍÀß È ÍÀËÎÃÎÂÀß ÁÀÇÀ.
Ñ ÝÒÎÃÎ ÌÎÌÅÍÒÀ ÈÌÏÅÐÈß ÓÆÅ ÆÈÂ¨Ò ÍÀ ÈÍÅÐÖÈÈ.
6) 1204 — ÓÄÀÐ Ñ ÇÀÏÀÄÀ
ÂÎÒ ÑÀÌÎÅ ÍÀÃËßÄÍÎÅ.
ÍÅ ÂÎÑÒÎÊ ÐÀÇÐÓØÈË ÂÈÇÀÍÒÈÞ, À ÇÀÏÀÄ.
FOURTH CRUSADE
ÊÐÅÑÒÎÍÎÑÖÛ ÂÌÅÑÒÎ ÈÅÐÓÑÀËÈÌÀ ÁÅÐÓÒ È ÃÐÀÁßÒ ÊÎÍÑÒÀÍÒÈÍÎÏÎËÜ.
1204 — ÝÒÎ ÏÎ×ÒÈ “ÑÌÅÐÒÅËÜÍÎÅ ÐÀÍÅÍÈÅ”.
ÊÒÎ ÂÛÈÃÐÀË:
VENICE
ÈÒÀËÜßÍÑÊÈÅ ÒÎÐÃÎÂÛÅ ÄÎÌÀ
ÃÅÍÓß / ÂÅÍÅÖÈß
ËÀÒÈÍÑÊÈÅ ÊÍ߯ÅÑÒÂÀ
ÂÎÒ ÒÓÒ ÄÅÍÅÆÍÛÅ ÏÎÒÎÊÈ ÏÅÐÅØËÈ Ê ÌÎÐÑÊÎÌÓ ÊÀÏÈÒÀËÓ.
7) 1261–1453 — ÄÎËÃÈÉ ÄÎÆÈÌ
ÂÈÇÀÍÒÈß ÂÎÑÑÒÀÍÀÂËÈÂÀÅÒ ÑÒÎËÈÖÓ, ÍÎ ÓÆÅ ÍÅ ÌÎÆÅÒ ÂÅÐÍÓÒÜ ÌÎÙÜ.
ÏÎ ÑÓÒÈ ÝÒÎ ÓÆÅ:
ÃÎÐÎÄ + ÍÅÑÊÎËÜÊÎ ÒÅÐÐÈÒÎÐÈÉ.
ÔÈÍÀÍÑÛ È ÒÎÐÃÎÂËß ×ÀÑÒÎ ÊÎÍÒÐÎËÈÐÓÞÒÑß ÂÅÍÅÖÈÅÉ È ÃÅÍÓÅÉ.
8) 1453 — ÔÈÍÀË
FALL OF CONSTANTINOPLE
MEHMED II
ÎÑÌÀÍÛ ÁÅÐÓÒ ÃÎÐÎÄ.
ÂÛÈÃÐÛÂÀÅÒ:
OTTOMAN EMPIRE
ÒÎÐÃÎÂÛÅ ÏÓÒÈ ÂÎÑÒÎÊÀ
ÊÎÍÒÐÎËÜ ÏÐÎËÈÂÎÂ
ÑÓÏÅÐ-ÊÎÐÎÒÊÀß ÑÕÅÌÀ
ÐÈÌ
=> 476
ÂÈÇÀÍÒÈß
=> 7 ÂÅÊ
ÕÀËÈÔÀÒÛ
=> 1204
ÂÅÍÅÖÈÀÍÑÊÈÉ ÊÀÏÈÒÀË
=> 1453
ÎÑÌÀÍÛ
ÃËÀÂÍÛÉ ÓÐÎÊ
ÊÒÎ ÂÛÈÃÐÛÂÀË ÂÑÅÃÄÀ?
ÍÅ ÎÁßÇÀÒÅËÜÍÎ ÑÀÌÛÉ ÑÈËÜÍÛÉ.
À ÒÎÒ, ÊÒÎ Â ÌÎÌÅÍÒ ÊÐÈÇÈÑÀ ÇÀÁÈÐÀË:
ÒÎÐÃÎÂÛÅ ÏÓÒÈ
ÍÀËÎÃÎÂÛÅ ÖÅÍÒÐÛ
ÏÎÐÒÛ
ÏÐÎËÈÂÛ
ÃÎÐÎÄÀ
ÝÒÎ È ÅÑÒÜ ÃËÀÂÍÀß ËÎÃÈÊÀ ÈÌÏÅÐÈÉ.
###
ÏÈØÓ ×¨ÒÊÎ, ÁÅÇ ÊÎÍÑÏÈÐÎËÎÃÈÈ.
ÑÍÀ×ÀËÀ ÑÀÌÎÅ ÂÀÆÍÎÅ: ÈÄÅß, ×ÒÎ “ÓÏÐÀÂËÅÍÖÛ ÏËÀÍÅÒÛ ÑÏÅÖÈÀËÜÍÎ ÂÅÄÓÒ ÌÈÐ Ê ÊÐÈÇÈÑÓ”, — ÝÒÎ ÓÆÅ ÃÈÏÎÒÅÇÀ, ÊÎÒÎÐÓÞ ÍÅËÜÇß ÄÎÊÀÇÀÒÜ ÏÐÎÑÒÎ ËÎÃÈÊÎÉ. ÃÎÐÀÇÄÎ ÍÀĨÆÍÅÅ ÑÌÎÒÐÅÒÜ ÍÀ ÊÒÎ ÂÛÈÃÐÛÂÀÅÒ ÎÒ ÑÁÎÅ ÑÈÑÒÅÌÛ È ÊÀÊ ÈÑÒÎÐÈ×ÅÑÊÈ ÐÀÁÎÒÀËÈ ÒÀÊÈÅ ÊÐÈÇÈÑÛ.
ÑÅÉ×ÀÑ ÑÈÒÓÀÖÈß ÑÎ STRAIT OF HORMUZ ÄÅÉÑÒÂÈÒÅËÜÍÎ Î×ÅÍÜ ÑÅÐܨÇÍÀß: ×ÅÐÅÇ ÍÅÃÎ ØËÎ ÎÊÎËÎ 20% ÌÈÐÎÂÎÉ ÌÎÐÑÊÎÉ ÍÅÔÒÈ, ÏËÞÑ ÃÀÇ, ÓÄÎÁÐÅÍÈß, ÑÅÐÀ, ÀËÞÌÈÍÈÉ È ÃÅËÈÉ. ÏÎÑËÅ ÇÀÊÐÛÒÈß ÏÎØËÈ ÐÅÇÊÈÅ ÑÁÎÈ Â ÖÅÏÎ×ÊÀÕ ÏÎÑÒÀÂÎÊ È ÖÅÍÎÂÛÅ ØÎÊÈ.
ÒÂÎß ÌÛÑËÜ ÏÐÎ ÃÅËÈÉ È ×ÈÏÛ ÒÎÆÅ ËÎÃÈ×ÍÀ: ÃÅËÈÉ ÈÑÏÎËÜÇÓÅÒÑß Â ÏÐÎÈÇÂÎÄÑÒÂÅ ÏÎËÓÏÐÎÂÎÄÍÈÊÎÂ È ÎÕËÀÆÄÅÍÈÈ, ÏÎÝÒÎÌÓ ÓÄÀÐ ÏÎ ÏÎÑÒÀÂÊÀÌ ÁÜ¨Ò ÏÎ ÝËÅÊÒÐÎÍÈÊÅ È ÏÐÎÌÛØËÅÍÍÎÑÒÈ.
ÒÅÏÅÐÜ ÏÎ ÈÑÒÎÐÈ×ÅÑÊÎÉ ÀÍÀËÎÃÈÈ
ÒÛ ÑÏÐÎÑÈË Ñ ÝÕÍÀÒÎÍÀ ÄÎ ÏÀÄÅÍÈß ÐÈÌÀ — ÊÒÎ ÂÛÈÃÐÛÂÀË.
ÑÕÅÌÀ ÏÎ×ÒÈ ÂÑÅÃÄÀ ÎÄÍÀ È ÒÀ ÆÅ:
1. ÖÅÍÒÐÀËÜÍÀß ÑÈÑÒÅÌÀ ÎÑËÀÁÅÂÀÅÒ
2. ËÎÌÀÞÒÑß ÒÎÐÃÎÂÛÅ ÌÀÐØÐÓÒÛ
3. ÄÎÐÎÆÀÞÒ ÐÅÑÓÐÑÛ
4. ÂÛÈÃÐÛÂÀÞÒ ÒÅ, Ó ÊÎÃÎ ÅÑÒÜ ÇÀÏÀÑÛ È ÀËÜÒÅÐÍÀÒÈÂÍÛÅ ÏÓÒÈ
ÁÐÎÍÇÎÂÛÉ ÂÅÊ (ÎÊÎËÎ 1200 ÄÎ Í.Ý.)
ÊÎÃÄÀ ÎÁÐÓØÈËÈÑÜ ÒÎÐÃÎÂÛÅ ÏÓÒÈ ÌÅÆÄÓ ÅÃÈÏÒÎÌ, ÕÅÒÒÀÌÈ, ÌÈÊÅÍÀÌÈ È ËÅÂÀÍÒÎÌ, ÁÎËÜØÅ ÂÑÅÃÎ ÂÛÈÃÐÀËÈ ÍÅ “ÃÅÃÅÌÎÍÛ”, À ËÎÊÀËÜÍÛÅ ÐÅÃÈÎÍÀËÜÍÛÅ ÑÈËÛ, ÊÎÒÎÐÛÅ ÑÌÎÃËÈ ÏÅÐÅÕÂÀÒÈÒÜ ÐÅÑÓÐÑÛ È ÊÎÍÒÐÎËÜ ÍÀÄ ÌÅÒÀËËÀÌÈ È ÇÅÐÍÎÌ.
ÒÎ ÅÑÒÜ ÍÀ ÊÐÀÕÅ ÁÎËÜØÈÕ ÈÌÏÅÐÑÊÈÕ ÑÅÒÅÉ ×ÀÑÒÎ ÂÛÈÃÐÛÂÀÞÒ ÍÅ ÖÅÍÒÐÛ, À ÏÅÐÈÔÅÐÈÉÍÛÅ ÈÃÐÎÊÈ.
ÏÀÄÅÍÈÅ ÇÀÏÀÄÍÎÃÎ ÐÈÌÀ (476)
ÇÄÅÑÜ ÑÕÅÌÀ ÅÙ¨ ßÑÍÅÅ.
ÐÈÌ ÏÎÒÅÐßË:
ÍÀËÎÃÎÂÓÞ ÁÀÇÓ
ÊÎÍÒÐÎËÜ ÄÎÐÎÃ
ÂÎÅÍÍÓÞ ËÎÃÈÑÒÈÊÓ
ÒÎÐÃÎÂÛÅ ÏÎÒÎÊÈ
ÊÒÎ ÂÛÈÃÐÀË?
ÍÅ “ÂÅÑÜ ÌÈД, À:
ÂÎÑÒÎ×ÍÀß ÐÈÌÑÊÀß ÈÌÏÅÐÈß / ÂÈÇÀÍÒÈß
ÃÅÐÌÀÍÑÊÈÅ ÝËÈÒÛ, ÊÎÒÎÐÛÅ ÇÀÍßËÈ ÏÐÎÂÈÍÖÈÈ
ÊÓÏÅ×ÅÑÊÈÅ È ËÎÊÀËÜÍÛÅ ÇÅÌÅËÜÍÛÅ ÝËÈÒÛ
ÒÎ ÅÑÒÜ ÍÀ ÊÐÀÕÅ ÎÄÍÎÃÎ ÖÅÍÒÐÀ ×ÀÑÒÎ ÂÛÈÃÐÛÂÀÅÒ ÑÎÑÅÄÍÈÉ ÖÅÍÒÐ È ËÎÊÀËÜÍÛÅ ÂÛÃÎÄÎÏÎËÓ×ÀÒÅËÈ.
ÏÎ ÀÍÀËÎÃÈÈ ÑÅÉ×ÀÑ
ÅÑËÈ ÑÌÎÒÐÅÒÜ ÕÎËÎÄÍÎ È ÁÅÇ ÝÌÎÖÈÉ, ÒÎ ÏÐÈ ÒÅÊÓÙÅÌ ÊÐÈÇÈÑÅ ÂÛÈÃÐÛÂÀÞÒ:
ÝÊÑÏÎÐÒ¨ÐÛ ÝÍÅÐÃÈÈ ÂÍÅ ÐÅÃÈÎÍÀ
ÑØÀ
ÍÎÐÂÅÃÈß
ÊÀÍÀÄÀ
×ÀÑÒÈ×ÍÎ ÐÎÑÑÈß
ÓÆÅ ÂÈÄÍÎ, ×ÒÎ ÑØÀ ÐÅÇÊÎ ÍÀÐÀÑÒÈËÈ ÝÊÑÏÎÐÒ ÒÎÏËÈÂÀ Â ÅÂÐÎÏÓ È ÀÇÈÞ.
ÑÓÄÎÕÎÄÍÛÅ È ÑÒÐÀÕÎÂÛÅ ÊÎÌÏÀÍÈÈ, ÊÎÒÎÐÛÅ ÇÀÐÀÁÀÒÛÂÀÞÒ ÍÀ ÐÈÑÊÅ
ÑÒÐÀÍÛ Ñ ÁÎËÜØÈÌÈ ÐÅÇÅÐÂÀÌÈ
ÊÈÒÀÉ
ßÏÎÍÈß
ÑØÀ
ÀËÜÒÅÐÍÀÒÈÂÍÛÅ ËÎÃÈÑÒÈ×ÅÑÊÈÅ ÊÎÐÈÄÎÐÛ
ÊÐÀÑÍÎÅ ÌÎÐÅ / ÎÁÕÎÄÍÛÅ ÏÓÒÈ
ÒÐÓÁÎÏÐÎÂÎÄÛ Â ÎÁÕÎÄ ÏÐÎËÈÂÀ
ÃËÀÂÍÛÉ ÂÛÂÎÄ ÏÎ ÄÅÄÓÊÖÈÈ
ÍÅ ÎÁßÇÀÒÅËÜÍÎ ÊÒÎ-ÒÎ “ÑÏÅÖÈÀËÜÍÎ ÏÎÄÂÎÄÈÒ ÏËÀÍÅÒÓ”.
×ÀÙÅ ÏÐÎÈÑÕÎÄÈÒ ÒÀÊ:
ÊÐÈÇÈÑ ÑÎÇÄÀ¨Ò ÏÅÐÅÐÀÑÏÐÅÄÅËÅÍÈÅ ÏÎÒÎÊΠÊÀÏÈÒÀËÀ È ÐÅÑÓÐÑÎÂ
È ÏÎ×ÒÈ ÂÑÅÃÄÀ ÂÛÈÃÐÛÂÀÞÒ ÒÅ, Ó ÊÎÃÎ:
ÅÑÒÜ ÇÀÏÀÑÛ
ÅÑÒÜ ÀËÜÒÅÐÍÀÒÈÂÍÛÅ ÌÀÐØÐÓÒÛ
ÅÑÒÜ ÄÎÑÒÓÏ Ê ÔÈÍÀÍÑÀÌ
ÅÑÒÜ ÂÎÇÌÎÆÍÎÑÒÜ ÏÐÎÄÀÂÀÒÜ ÄÅÔÈÖÈÒ
ÝÒÎ ÍÅ “ÒÀÉÍÎÅ ÌÈÐÎÂÎÅ ÓÏÐÀÂËÅÍÈÅ”, À ÊËÀÑÑÈ×ÅÑÊÀß ËÎÃÈÊÀ ÈÑÒÎÐÈÈ:
ÊÐÈÇÈÑÛ ÏÅÐÅÍÎÑßÒ ÂËÀÑÒÜ È ÄÅÍÜÃÈ Ê ÒÅÌ, ÊÒÎ ÊÎÍÒÐÎËÈÐÓÅÒ ÓÇÊÈÅ ÃÎÐËÛØÊÈ ÑÈÑÒÅÌÛ.
###
Sources
Wikipedia
2026 Strait of Hormuz crisis
World Economic Forum
Beyond oil: 9 commodities impacted by the Strait of ...
1 day ago — War in the Middle East has caused significant damage to energy infrastructure and the near closure of the Hormuz Strait , driving oil prices up, ... Read more
Reuters
US fuel exports hit record in March as Asia, Europe sought to replace Middle East supplies
Today — In March 2026, U.S. fuel exports reached a record high as global demand surged due to the disruption of supplies from the Middle East caused by the Iran war and near-closure of the Strait of Hormuz. This chokepoint, critical to global oil flow, has been heavily disrupted by Iranian actions, causing production cuts, fuel price spikes, and fears of economic slowdown in regions like Europe, Asia, and Africa. According to Kpler, U.S. exports of clean petroleum products rose to 3.11 million barrels per day (bpd), up from 2.5 million bpd in February. Exports to Europe rose 27% to 414,000 bpd, to Asia more than doubled to 224,000 bpd, and to Africa surged 169% to 148,000 bpd. Unconventional trade routes such as U.S. to Australia and U.S. East Coast to Europe also saw increased volumes. Domestically, rising fuel exports may become a political liability for President Trump, as gasoline prices surpass $4 per gallon and diesel approaches $5.50. Despite public concerns, the Energy Department denies plans to restrict exports. Trump has issued conflicting statements on the Iran conflict, wavering between withdrawal and continued military engagement.
More
discoveryalert.com.au
Strait of Hormuz Energy Blockade Disrupts Global Supply Chains
Today — Discover how Strait of Hormuz energy blockades disrupt global supply chains, trigger oil price surges, and reshape energy markets.
credendo.com
Global supply chains in chaos after one month of conflict in the Middle East
Yesterday — The Middle East conflict and effective closure of the Strait of Hormuz have emphasised the global economy's dependence on exports from Gulf...
globaltrademag.com
More Than an Energy Crisis: Disruptions in the Strait of Hormuz Underscore the Fragility of Modern Supply Chains
Yesterday
euronews.com
Strait of Hormuz shutdown: What implications for Europe, for how long and how high can prices go?
2 days ago
aa.com.tr
Agricultural commodity prices surge due to Middle East tensions
2 days ago — Disruptions in fertilizer, urea, energy supply chains create food crisis, rivaling or even more serious than in 2022, when Russia-Ukraine...
rsmus.com
American demand destruction: Seven channels that compound to threaten U.S. growth
2 days ago — The Strait of Hormuz closure is the largest oil supply disruption in history (IEA), but it's not just about oil.
xpert.digital
The Iran war ;;;;, the global economic upheaval ;; and why China ;;, Japan ;;, South Korea ;; and Singapore ;; are losing more ; than the rest of the world
3 days ago — The Iran war and the closure of the Strait of Hormuz at the end of February 2026 triggered an unprecedented price shock that extends far...
capitaleconomics.com
Iran war: forecasting the fallout, answering your questions
3 days ago — Last week we published revised economic and market forecasts based on different scenarios for how the Iran war de.
abc.net.au
A minute before Trump's wild Iran claim, oil traders made 'abnormal' moves
3 days ago — Global stock markets, which for the past month have been remarkably restrained as the Middle East crisis unfolded, have begun to wobble.
thesoufancenter.org
The Iran War: A Crisis for the Defense Industrial Base Now Too
March 26, 2026 — The Iran War is set to have long-lasting and substantive effects on the technological competition between the People's Republic of China...
rferl.org
How Iran's Hormuz Blockade Chokes Global Trade Beyond ...
1 day ago — The war in Iran, and Tehran's decision to largely close the Strait of Hormuz , have not only stopped supplies of crude oil and liquefied natural ... Read more
atalayar.com
The war in Iran is accelerating a global crisis in supply chains
3 days ago — The war in Iran is disrupting not only oil and gas, but also petrochemicals, sulphur , fertilisers, helium production and aluminium production. Read more
facebook.com
The Strait of Hormuz disruption is beginning to extend ...
The Strait of Hormuz closure since early March 2026 disrupts 20% of global oil, 25% of LNG, and vital supply chains, including India's heavy ... Read more
igascn.com
Iran Plans Hormuz Strait Toll, Threatening Global Helium ...
1 day ago — 01 April 2026 05:52:05 PM ... This move has triggered global market concerns over energy supply disruptions and economic recession risks. Read more
###
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Fall of the Western Roman Empire
britannica.com
Timeline of the Roman Empire | Events, Beginning, End, Emperors, Byzantine Empire, History, & Facts | Britannica
January 16, 2026
Medieval Chronicles
Byzantine Empire Timeline | Key Events And Milestones In Its History
March 6, 2016
Wikipedia
Byzantine Empire - Wikipedia
Wikipedia
Fall of Constantinople - Wikipedia
More
roman-britain.org
Chronology of the Fall of the Empire: Key Events That Led to the Collapse of Rome - Roman Britain
December 10, 2025 — CONSTANTINE AND TRANSFORMATION OF THE EMPIRE (AD 306–337) Constantine the Great reshaped Rome in ways that affected both its survival and eventual collapse. FOUNDING OF CONSTANTINOPLE In AD 330, Co...
thoughtco.com
Fall of the Roman Empire Timeline
May 13, 2025 — A SHORT TIMELINE OF THE FALL OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE Some of the Main Events Leading to the End of the Western Roman Empire Image: Europe in the time of Odoacer 476-493 A.D. Image: Europe in the time o...
romanempirehistory.com
Eastern Roman Empire: Timeline, History, & Fall – Roman Empire
September 26, 2023 — EASTERN ROMAN EMPIRE: TIMELINE, HISTORY, & FALL By Frode Osen September 26, 2023 Image: Eastern Roman Empire: Timeline, History, & Fall 3 min read The Eastern Roman Empire, also called the Byzant...
historymedieval.com
Timeline of the Fall of Rome: Western Roman Empire (235–476 AD) – Medieval History
December 22, 2022 — TIMELINE OF THE FALL OF ROME: WESTERN ROMAN EMPIRE (235–476 AD) * Luciano Anastasi * 22 December 2022 * 13 Min Read Print Article Article Update: 28 September 2025 INTRODUCTION: WHY ROME FELL Th...
studysmarter.co.uk
Fall of the Byzantine Empire
September 13, 2022 — FALL OF THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE: TIMELINE The Byzantine Empire lasted a long time, from its inception at the end of the Roman Empire to when the Ottomans conquered Constantinople in 1453. However, the E...
worldhistory.org
Timeline: Byzantine Empire
September 19, 2018 — BYZANTINE EMPIRE DEFINITION The Byzantine Empire existed from 330 to 1453. It is often called the Eastern Roman Empire or simply Byzantium. The Byzantine capital was founded at Constantinople by Co...
timetoast.com
Timeline: The fall of the Byzantine empire | Timetoast
Image: Romeburning 1 THE FALL OF THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE By ana maria escobar * Image: The rise of the Byzantine empire. 476 THE RISE OF THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE. The Western empire falls, but the Eas...
timetoast.com
Timeline: The rise and the fall of the Byzantine Empire | Timetoast
THE RISE AND THE FALL OF THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE By mariapaulacasta;edab * Image: Constatine moved the capital. 330 CONSTATINE MOVED THE CAPITAL. Constantine founds the new capital of the Roman Emp...
timetoast.com
Timeline: Byzantine Empire: rise and fall | Timetoast Timeline Maker
BYZANTINE EMPIRE: RISE AND FALL By sofia.st * Period: 300 to Dec 30, 1500 RISE AND FALL OF BYZANTINE EMPIRE * Image: Constantinople 330 CONSTANTINOPLE Constantinople was founded by Constantine...
thelatinlibrary.com
Chronology of Byzantine Empire (330-1453 A.D.)
330 AD: Constantine founds the new capital of the Roman Empire on the existing site of the ancient Greek city Byzantium: Byzantium was renamed Constantinople and it would become the capital of th...
###
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Sophia Palaiologina
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Ivan III of Russia
From the Fall of Constantinople [1453] to Granada [1492]: The Impact of the Two Turning Points in the Transformation of the Mediterranean World in the Late Fifteenth Century (Context in Comment)
March 16, 2026
cristoraul.org
CRISTO RAUL. READING HALL. HISTORY OF MODERN TIMES FROM THE FALL OF CONSTANTINOPLE TO THE FRENCH REVOLUTION
More
justapedia.org
Succession to the Byzantine Empire - Justapedia
October 22, 2024 — The "Third Rome" idea and the marriage of Ivan III and Zoe made the Russian monarchs not only claimant successors of the Byzantine emperors, but also formal claimants to the throne in Constantinople,...
gutenberg.org
The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Empire and the Papacy, by T. F. Tout
February 16, 2020 — Zoe and her husbands. Romanus III., 1028–1034. From 1028 to 1054 the husbands and dependants of Zoe governed the Byzantine Empire. First came Romanus III. (1028–1034), to whom she had been married at...
gutenberg.org
The Historians’ History of the World, Volume XVII | Project Gutenberg
IVAN VASILIEVITCH MARRIES THE GREEK PRINCESS SOPHIA (1472 A.D.) [1472 A.D.] By completing the work of his predecessors in destroying the independence of the townships and the appanaged princes, Ivan...
friesian.com
Index of World History; Byzantium Unbound
A similar phenomenon occurred in Europe. The Frankish and German Emperors thought of themselves as the "true" Roman Emperors, Imagewith the blessing of the Popes in Rome itself. The Roman/Byzantine Em...
cristoraul.org
A HISTORY OF MODERN EUROPE FROM THE FALL OF CONSTANTINOPLE TO THE WAR OF CRIMEA. A.D. 1453-1900
32.-AFFAIRS OF SPAIN, ITALY, AND FRANCE. PROGRESS OF THE WAR 33.- THE SWEDES IN GERMANY 34.-THE PEACE OF WESTPHALIA 35.- THE FRONDE AND THE SPANISH WAR 36.- THE NORTH OF EUROPE (1644-1661)...
fandom.com
Encyclopedia of World History M | Coman Wiki | Fandom
In the fi rst quarter of the 14th century the metropolitan of Russia (the highest ranking Orthodox bishop, formerly Moscow: Third Rome 285 at Kiev) chose to settle in the city of Moscow. With the supp...
britannica.com
The Middle Ages Browse - Page 3 | Britannica
Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus was the Byzantine emperor from 913 to 959. His writings are one of the best sources...... Constantine VIII Constantine VIII was a Byz...
studyres.com
chapter i politics and religion from 1400 to 1715
Ivan the hand of his ward and pupil, Zo; Palaeologus, niece of the last emperor of Byzantium. It took three years before the fat and unattractive Zo;, who, on entering Moscow, changed her name to Sofi...
scribd.com
Late Middle Ages | PDF | Late Middle Ages | Middle Ages
UNDER THE REIGN OF IVAN THE GREAT (1462–1505), MOSCOW BECAME A major regional power, and the annexation of the vast Republic of Novgorod in 1478 laid the foundations for a Russian national state.[49]...
encyclopedia.com
Chapter One: World Events: Selected Occurrences Outside Imperial China | Encyclopedia.com
1031 * The last Ummayid ruler of Cordoba, Hisham III, dies. A series of petty kings will rule Cordoba. 1034 * Romanus III Argyrus is murdered by his wife, Zoe, who conspired with her lover Michael...
wikirouge.net
Revelations of the Diplomatic History of the 18th Century - Marxists-en
March 1, 1857 — 74. ; Marx means the free Cossack communities formed on the southern and south-eastern outskirts of the Moscow state in the second half of the fifteenth century by the peasants who had fled from the l...
###
Sources
UN Trade and Development (UNCTAD)
Hormuz disruption deepens global economic strain across trade, prices and finance | UN Trade and Development (UNCTAD)
Yesterday
More
worldcargonews.com
Spot rates surge amid Middle East crisis, Drewry says shippers should not panic
Today — Five weeks into the Strait of Hormuz closure, spot rates on all major East-West shipping routes have risen sharply, underscoring the ripple...
washingtonpost.com
Iraq’s oil hub slows to a crawl as Strait of Hormuz shutdown strangles exports - The Washington Post
Today — IRAQ’S OIL HUB SLOWS TO A CRAWL AS STRAIT OF HORMUZ SHUTDOWN STRANGLES EXPORTS The war in Iran is dealing a heavy blow to Iraq’s economy April 2, 2026 at 2:14 a.m. EDT Today at 2:14 a.m. EDT A wor...
turkiyetoday.com
Gulf bloc presses UN for action as Iran closure hammers energy markets - T;rkiye Today
Today — GULF BLOC PRESSES UN FOR ACTION AS IRAN CLOSURE HAMMERS ENERGY MARKETS Image: The photo shows two ships seen in the Strait of Hormuz, accessed on April 1, 2026. (AFP Photo) Image: Photo Image: Big...
aljazeera.com
UK to host meeting of 35 countries on reopening Strait of Hormuz
Yesterday — Before talks with 35 countries, UK Prime Minister Keir Starmer says reopening strait 'will not be easy'.
weforum.org
The Strait of Hormuz crisis affects more than just oil. Here are 9 other commodities
Yesterday — The shipping crisis in the Strait of Hormuz is now "the largest supply disruption in the history of the global oil market", according to the...
tbsnews.net
Even after reopening, Strait of Hormuz disruptions expected to persist for months
Yesterday — THURSDAY, APRIL 02, 2026 EVEN AFTER REOPENING, STRAIT OF HORMUZ DISRUPTIONS EXPECTED TO PERSIST FOR MONTHS IN ADDITION, MARINE INSURANCE PREMIUMS HAVE SURGED SIGNIFICANTLY DURING THE CRISIS. ELEVAT...
newlandchase.com
Middle East Conflict: Situational Updates and Implications for Global Mobility
2 days ago — First Issued: March 4, 2026 (Day 5 of Active Conflict) Last Updated:March 31, 2026Conflict Start: February 28, 2026Status: CRITICAL — Active...
euronews.com
Strait of Hormuz shutdown: What implications for Europe, for how long and how high can prices go?
2 days ago — The closure of the Strait of Hormuz is rattling global markets, sending energy prices soaring and fuelling fears of supply shortages.
fortune.com
The Strait of Hormuz crisis is drawing eyes to another point nearby: ‘the Gate of Tears’
2 days ago — If you'd never heard of the Strait of Hormuz before, you probably have by now. Iran's effective closure of the waterway, which usually...
usni.org
The Crisis in Mine Countermeasures | Proceedings - April 2026 Vol. 152/4/1,478
2 days ago — As we now see, planners contemplating any conflict with Iran must account for Tehran's most potent asymmetric lever: the closure of the Strait of Hormuz.
indexbox.io
Oil Crisis Deepens: Strait of Hormuz Closure Risks Severe Economic Damage by Mid-April 2026 - News and Statistics
3 days ago — The article details the mounting global economic risks as the Strait of Hormuz remains closed, with analysts warning of severe oil shortages...
hormuztracker.com
Strait of Hormuz Live Tracker — Shipping Disruption Dashboard | HormuzTracker
3 days ago — 10/10 Day 32 StatusOil & EnergyMapPipelinesCarriersInsuranceTimelineFAQ STRAIT OF HORMUZ LIVE TRACKER — SHIPPING DISRUPTION DASHBOARD Closed to Commercial Shipping — Day 32 10/10 Selective passag...
bloomberg.com
The Strait of Hormuz Oil Shock Is Now Heading West
March 29, 2026 — If the strait stays closed, the world will have to dramatically reduce its oil and gas consumption — but not before prices spike to a level...
straitof-hormuz.com
Strait of Hormuz - The World's Most Critical Waterway & Geopolitical Hub
March 28, 2026 — WHEN THE VALVE FAILED — MARCH 2026 ; UNPRECEDENTED: STRAIT EFFECTIVELY CLOSED The 2026 closure of the Strait of Hormuz is described as the largest disruption to global energy supply since the 1970s...
aljazeera.com
Iran’s closure of the Strait of Hormuz is an international crisis | US-Israel war on Iran | Al Jazeera
March 25, 2026 — IRAN’S CLOSURE OF THE STRAIT OF HORMUZ IS AN INTERNATIONAL CRISIS As such, it requires urgent action. By Ahmed Essa Al-Sulaiti 25 Mar 2026 Image: Satellite view of the Strait of Hormuz. A satell...
marsh.com
Strait of Hormuz crisis | Marsh
March 12, 2026 — Article STRAIT OF HORMUZ CRISIS: DOWNSTREAM SRCC RISKS IN AGRICULTURAL SUPPLY CHAINS The 2026 US–Israel–Iran conflict has disrupted shipping through the Strait of Hormuz, halting critical fertilize...
euronews.com
Passage denied: Oil and gas prices swing wildly as Hormuz crisis drags on | Euronews
March 4, 2026 — PASSAGE DENIED: OIL AND GAS PRICES SWING WILDLY AS HORMUZ CRISIS DRAGS ON Image: An oil tanker is docked at the Chevron Richmond refinery in Richmond, California. 3 March 2026. An oil tanker is doc...
aljazeera.com
IRGC says Iran in ‘complete control’ of Strait of Hormuz amid Trump threats | Oil and Gas News | Al Jazeera
March 4, 2026 — IRGC SAYS IRAN IN ‘COMPLETE CONTROL’ OF STRAIT OF HORMUZ AMID TRUMP THREATS About a fifth of the world’s oil is shipped through the narrow strait, which remains effectively closed amid the US-Israel...
hormuztracker.org
Hormuz Crisis Tracker — Global Energy & Food Emergency Monitor
CRISIS ACTIVE HORMUZ CRISIS TRACKER Global Energy & Food Emergency Monitor ; STATIC UPDATED [Button: Dashboard] [Button: Scenarios] [Button: My Impact] [Button: Countries] [Button: Compare] [Butto...
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Sources
Reuters
US LNG exports break record high as Middle East war disrupts global supply
Yesterday — In March 2026, U.S. liquefied natural gas (LNG) exports hit a record high of 11.7 million metric tons, exceeding the previous high of 11.5 million tons set in December. This surge was driven by intensified output at existing facilities, the commencement of new production units, and a global supply disruption caused by conflict in the Middle East. The war resulted in approximately 20% of global LNG supply being rendered offline, particularly after Iranian strikes damaged facilities operated by QatarEnergy, potentially impacting 12 million tons per year for up to five years. U.S. LNG, benefiting from a flexible commercial model that allows redirection of cargoes, has seen increased demand, especially in Asia, where prices spiked. Exports to Asia more than doubled from February to 1.99 million tons, while Europe remained the dominant buyer, receiving 64% (7.49 million tons) of U.S. exports. Meanwhile, some LNG cargoes remain undelivered, idling near the Suez Canal awaiting orders. Egypt, South Africa, and Jordan also received shipments, though Latin America saw a decline in volumes. New U.S. LNG capacity from projects by Cheniere Energy and the QatarEnergy-ExxonMobil joint venture contributed to the jump and point to potential further export increases.
lngindustry.com
ICIS – Scenarios show how ongoing Strait of Hormuz ...
March 9, 2026 — 9 Mar 2026 — Strait closed for four weeks. LNG from Qatar unavailable. EU relaxes gas storage requirements. Policy changes. Storage target reduced from 80% ...
Atlantic Council
How the Iran war could trigger a European energy crisis
March 19, 2026 — Refilling Europe's depleted gas storage—already a difficult task given the continent's efforts to stop purchasing Russian gas—is even more...
Reuters
US fuel exports hit record in March as Asia, Europe sought to replace Middle East supplies
Today — In March 2026, U.S. fuel exports reached a record high as global demand surged due to the disruption of supplies from the Middle East caused by the Iran war and near-closure of the Strait of Hormuz. This chokepoint, critical to global oil flow, has been heavily disrupted by Iranian actions, causing production cuts, fuel price spikes, and fears of economic slowdown in regions like Europe, Asia, and Africa. According to Kpler, U.S. exports of clean petroleum products rose to 3.11 million barrels per day (bpd), up from 2.5 million bpd in February. Exports to Europe rose 27% to 414,000 bpd, to Asia more than doubled to 224,000 bpd, and to Africa surged 169% to 148,000 bpd. Unconventional trade routes such as U.S. to Australia and U.S. East Coast to Europe also saw increased volumes. Domestically, rising fuel exports may become a political liability for President Trump, as gasoline prices surpass $4 per gallon and diesel approaches $5.50. Despite public concerns, the Energy Department denies plans to restrict exports. Trump has issued conflicting statements on the Iran conflict, wavering between withdrawal and continued military engagement.
More
bruegel.org
How Europe should respond to the Iran gas shock – and how it shouldn’t
Yesterday — The European Union should act now to head off growing impacts from the Iran conflict on gas prices and availability.
ieefa.org
Japan’s diversified LNG procurement strategy cannot fully shield it from global price spikes
March 27, 2026 — Despite government claims that Japan is insulated from the direct impacts of the Strait of Hormuz closure, the country still faces several...
aljazeera.com
Why the oil and gas price shock from the Iran war won’t just fade away
March 26, 2026 — Rerouting and diversification cannot help when a significant chunk of oil and gas have been taken off the market.
ceps.eu
EU gas markets may avoid a 2022-style crisis – but the consequences will bite anyway
March 19, 2026 — Since 28 February, the closure of the Strait of Hormuz has blocked roughly a fifth of global oil and LNG trade. Qatar Energy declared force...
kpler.com
Ras Laffan under fire: what the strikes on the world's largest LNG hub mean for global gas markets
March 19, 2026 — Overnight strikes damage Qatar's Ras Laffan LNG facilities, removing 19Mt supply through May. Physical damage extends recovery beyond Strait...
euronews.com
Strait of Hormuz shutdown: What implications for Europe ...
2 days ago — The closure of the Strait of Hormuz is rattling global markets, sending energy prices soaring and fuelling fears of supply shortages.
bloomberg.com
The Strait of Hormuz Oil Shock Is Now Heading West
4 days ago — But with the kingdom's exports throttled by the closure of the Strait of Hormuz , its ability to pump more out of the ground is of little use.
iea.org
Strait of Hormuz - About - IEA
6 Feb 2026 — A closure of the Strait would also have significant implications for global gas trade, as this would strand LNG exports from Qatar and the UAE, ...
geopoliticalmonitor.com
Global Impacts of Hormuz Closure
18 Mar 2026 — The impacts of Strait of Hormuz closure are not evenly distributed, at least in the short-term. But the economic pain becomes more universal ...
atlasinstitute.org
The 2026 Strait of Hormuz Crisis and the Anatomy ...
4 Mar 2026 — The Oxford Institute for Energy Studies has previously estimated that a one-year closure would result in a 15% decline in global LNG supply ...
wikipedia.org
2026 Strait of Hormuz crisis
This disruption affected about 20% of the world's daily oil supply and significant volumes of liquefied natural gas ( LNG ), prompting major shipping firms to ...
reuters.com
Asia, Europe most exposed to LNG impact from Iran conflict ...
2 Mar 2026 — Liquefied natural gas exports to Asia and Europe stand to be most impacted if the Strait of ; Hormuz is closed due to the ongoing war in ;the ...
icis.com
Potential Strait of Hormuz closure could push Europe's TTF ...
28 Feb 2026 — An immediate price impact of the Dutch TTF front-month soaring above ˆ90.00/MWh “seems realistic if removing direct Qatari LNG exports to Europe ...
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Sources
Economic History Society
The organization of the grain trade in the early Roman Empire - Economic History Society
July 4, 2006
Wikipedia
Client kingdoms in ancient Rome
Wikipedia
Roman Empire
Can anyone give me some info concerning how the roman trade worked?
January 2, 2022
Question about the roman economy?
March 10, 2026
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ancient-history-sites.com
Ancient Roman Economy: Economic Insights of Ancient Rome - Ancient History Sites
April 18, 2025 — ECONOMIC INSIGHTS OF ANCIENT ROME Table of Contents [Input] * Economic Insights of Ancient Rome * Speculative Foundations of Roman Economy * Monetary Challenges and Banking Systems * Mining and Res...
roman-empire.net
The Roman Economy Explained - Trade, Taxes and Financial Power - Roman Empire
March 5, 2025 — THE ROMAN ECONOMY EXPLAINED – TRADE, TAXES AND FINANCIAL POWER Trade was a powerful engine behind the Roman Empire’s growth, shaping its economic and cultural landscapes. The Romans masterfully deve...
empiresofold.com
Exploring Trade in Roman Empire Provinces: Economic Networks and Legacy - Empires of Old
August 25, 2024 — EXPLORING TRADE IN ROMAN EMPIRE PROVINCES: ECONOMIC NETWORKS AND LEGACY August 25, 2024 Empires of Old Team ; Info: Article authored by AI. Verify critical points. Trade in Roman Empire provinces...
openstax.org
7.3 The Roman Economy: Trade, Taxes, and Conquest - World History Volume 1, to 1500 | OpenStax
April 19, 2023 — 7.3 THE ROMAN ECONOMY: TRADE, TAXES, AND CONQUEST World History Volume 1, to 15007.3 The Roman Economy: Trade, Taxes, and Conquest Contents Highlights Print [Input: Search this book] Image * *...
springer.com
Tax collection in the Roman Empire: a new institutional economics approach | Constitutional Political Economy | Springer Nature Link
December 24, 2021 — 3 TAX COLLECTION For the sake of completeness, the Appendix contains a brief review of the tax-collection system during the period covered in the paper. 3.1 TWO SYSTEMS OF TAX COLLECTION In the beg...
researchgate.net
(PDF) Institutions and Economic Relations in the Roman Empire: Consumption, Supply, and Coordination
December 1, 2021 — officers, and soldiers, who used the money to buy land and the captured slaves to work it. 16 In already conquered territories, governors and other state officials similarly used their positions t...
worldhistory.org
Trade in the Roman World - World History Encyclopedia
April 12, 2018 — TRANSPORTING GOODS Goods were transported across the Roman world but there were limitations caused by a lack of land transport innovation. The Romans are celebrated for their roads but in fact, it re...
brynmawr.edu
The Grain Market in the Roman Empire: A Social, Political, and Economic Study – Bryn Mawr Classical Review
December 9, 2006 — 8. M.I. Finley, Ancient Economy (London: 1973); G. Rickman, “The grain trade under the Roman Empire,” in J.H. D’Arms and E.C. Kopff, eds., The seaborne commerce of ancient Rome: studies in archaeology...
cambridge.org
The Grain market in the Roman Empire
There is little sign of a truly economic policy regarding food supply in antiquity. This is not to say that the central government or local rulers disregarded matters of food supply. On the contrary:...
fiveable.me
The Roman Economy: Trade, Taxes, and Conquest | World History – Before 1500 Class Notes | Fiveable | Fiveable
7.3 THE ROMAN ECONOMY: TRADE, TAXES, AND CONQUEST 1. All Study Guides 2. World History – Before 1500 3. Unit 7 – Experiencing the Roman Empire 4. Topic: 7.3 Written by the Fiveable Content Team •...
fiveable.me
The Roman Economy: Trade, Taxes, and Conquest | World... | Fiveable
;WORLD HISTORY – BEFORE 1500 UNIT 7 REVIEW Image: QR code for World History – Before 1500 practice questions 7.3 THE ROMAN ECONOMY: TRADE, TAXES, AND CONQUEST 7.3 THE ROMAN ECONOMY: TRADE, TAXES,...
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