Ìèêðî÷èï. ×òî ýòî?

Ìèêðî÷èï. ×òî ýòî?
Ýòî ÌÈÊÐÎÑÊÎÏÈ×ÅÑÊÈÉ ÌÈÊÐÎ ÃÎÐÎÄ Ñ ÂÛÑÎÒÊÀÌÈ ÌÍÎÃÎÝÒÀÆÍÛÂÈ È ÌÍÎÃÎÑËÎÉÍÎÑÒÜ È ÑÎÒÍÈ ÊÌ ÏÐÎÂÎÄΠÊÎÒÎÐÛÅ ÅÃÎ ÑÎÅÄÈÍßÞÒ.

###


ÌÈÊÐÎ×ÈÏ — ÝÒÎ ÊÀÊ ÌÈÊÐÎÑÊÎÏÈ×ÅÑÊÈÉ ÃÎÐÎÄ ÂÍÓÒÐÈ ÌÀËÅÍÜÊÎÃÎ ÊÂÀÄÐÀÒÈÊÀ.

ÏÐÅÄÑÒÀÂÜ ÑÅÁÅ ÍÅ ÎÁÛ×ÍÛÉ ÃÎÐÎÄ, À ÃÎÐÎÄ, ÊÎÒÎÐÛÉ ÓÌÅÑÒÈËÑß ÍÀ ÊÎÍ×ÈÊÅ ÏÀËÜÖÀ.

=> ÄÎÌÀ È ÂÛÑÎÒÊÈ
ÝÒÎ ÍÅ ÍÀÑÒÎßÙÈÅ ÄÎÌÀ, À ÒÐÀÍÇÈÑÒÎÐÛ
(Î×ÅÍÜ ÌÀËÅÍÜÊÈÅ “ÏÅÐÅÊËÞ×ÀÒÅËÈ”, ÊÎÒÎÐÛÅ ÌÎÃÓÒ ÁÛÒÜ Â ÑÎÑÒÎßÍÈÈ ÂÊË / ÂÛÊË, ÊÀÊ ËÀÌÏÎ×ÊÀ)

ÈÌÅÍÍÎ ÎÍÈ “ÄÓÌÀÞÒ” È ÏÅÐÅÊËÞ×ÀÞÒ ÑÈÃÍÀËÛ.

 ÎÄÍÎÌ ×ÈÏÅ ÈÕ ÌÎÃÓÒ ÁÛÒÜ ÌÈËËÈÀÐÄÛ.

=> ÄÎÐÎÃÈ È ÓËÈÖÛ
ÝÒÎ ÏÐÎÂÎÄÍÈÊÈ È ÑÎÅÄÈÍÅÍÈß
(ÒÎÍ×ÀÉØÈÅ ËÈÍÈÈ ÈÇ ÌÅÒÀËËÀ, ÏÎ ÊÎÒÎÐÛÌ ÁÅÆÈÒ ÝËÅÊÒÐÈ×ÅÑÊÈÉ ÑÈÃÍÀË)

ÅÑËÈ ÏÐÎÑÒÎ ÎÁÚßÑÍÈÒÜ ÐÅÁ¨ÍÊÓ:

ÝÒÎ ÊÀÊ ÄÎÐÎÃÈ, ÏÎ ÊÎÒÎÐÛÌ ÅÄÓÒ ÌÀØÈÍÛ.

ÒÎËÜÊÎ ÂÌÅÑÒÎ ÌÀØÈÍ ÅÄÓÒ ÍÅÂÈÄÈÌÛÅ ÝËÅÊÒÐÈ×ÅÑÊÈÅ ÈÌÏÓËÜÑÛ.

ÈÕ ÎÁÙÀß ÄËÈÍÀ ÂÍÓÒÐÈ ÎÄÍÎÃÎ ×ÈÏÀ ÌÎÆÅÒ ÁÛÒÜ ÑÎÒÍÈ ÊÈËÎÌÅÒÐÎÂ, ÅÑËÈ ÂѨ ÐÀÇÂÅÐÍÓÒÜ Â ËÈÍÈÞ.

=> ÝÒÀÆÈ
×ÈÏ ÍÅ ÏËÎÑÊÈÉ.

ÎÍ ÈÌÅÅÒ ÌÍÎÃÎ ÑËΨÂ
(ÊÀÊ ÌÍÎÃÎÝÒÀÆÍÛÉ ÄÎÌ ÈËÈ ÒÎÐÒ ÈÇ ÌÍÎÃÈÕ ÊÎÐÆÅÉ)

ÍÀ ÎÄÍÎÌ ÑËÎÅ — “ÄÎÐÎÃÈ”,
ÍÀ ÄÐÓÃÎÌ — “ÏÅÐÅÊШÑÒÊÈ”,
ÍÀ ÒÐÅÒÜÅÌ — ÅÙ¨ ÑÎÅÄÈÍÅÍÈß.

ÏÎÝÒÎÌÓ ÒÂÎß ÀÍÀËÎÃÈß Ñ ÌÍÎÃÎÝÒÀÆÍÛÌ ÃÎÐÎÄÎÌ Î×ÅÍÜ ÒÎ×ÍÀß.

=> ÑÂÅÒÎÔÎÐÛ
ÒÐÀÍÇÈÑÒÎÐÛ ÌÎÆÍÎ ÏÐÅÄÑÒÀÂÈÒÜ ÊÀÊ ÑÂÅÒÎÔÎÐÛ.

ÎÍÈ ÐÅØÀÞÒ:

— ÏÓÑÒÈÒÜ ÑÈÃÍÀË ÄÀËÜØÅ
— ÈËÈ ÎÑÒÀÍÎÂÈÒÜ ÅÃÎ

ÈÇ ÝÒÈÕ ÌÈËËÈÀÐÄÎÂ ÐÅØÅÍÈÉ ÑÊËÀÄÛÂÀÞÒÑß:

— ÈÃÐÛ
— ÂÈÄÅÎ
— ÈÍÒÅÐÍÅÒ
— ÈÑÊÓÑÑÒÂÅÍÍÛÉ ÈÍÒÅËËÅÊÒ
— ÐÀÁÎÒÀ ÒÅËÅÔÎÍÀ È ÊÎÌÏÜÞÒÅÐÀ

=> ÑÓÏÅÐ-ÏÐÎÑÒÎ ÄËß ÐÅÁ¨ÍÊÀ
ÌÈÊÐÎ×ÈÏ = ÝÒÎ ÃÎÐÎÄ ÄËß ÝËÅÊÒÐÈ×ÅÑÒÂÀ,
ÃÄÅ ÄÎÌÀ ÄÓÌÀÞÒ,
À ÏÎ ÄÎÐÎÃÀÌ ÁÅÃÀÞÒ ÑÈÃÍÀËÛ.

ÈÌÅÍÍÎ ÏÎÝÒÎÌÓ ÒÅËÅÔÎÍ “ÓÌÅÅÒ ÄÓÌÀÒÜ”.


###


ÏÎ-ÍÀÓ×ÍÎÌÓ È ÏÐÎÑÒÎ: ×ÒÎ ÍÓÆÍÎ, ×ÒÎÁÛ ÑÎÇÄÀÒÜ ×ÈÏ ÓÐÎÂÍß TSMC, È ÏÎ×ÅÌÓ ÝÒÎ ÊÐÀÉÍÅ ÑËÎÆÍÎ ÄËß ÐÔ.

À) ËÈÒÎÃÐÀÔÈß
ÝÒÎ ÃËÀÂÍÎÅ “ÑÅÐÄÖÅ” ÏÐÎÈÇÂÎÄÑÒÂÀ.

ÍÓÆÍÛ ÓÑÒÀÍÎÂÊÈ, ÊÎÒÎÐÛÅ “ÐÈÑÓÞÒ” ÑÕÅÌÛ ÍÀ ÊÐÅÌÍÈÅÂÎÉ ÏËÀÑÒÈÍÅ Ñ ÍÀÍÎÌÅÒÐÎÂÎÉ ÒÎ×ÍÎÑÒÜÞ.

ÄËß ÑÀÌÛÕ ÏÅÐÅÄÎÂÛÕ ×ÈÏΠÍÓÆÍÛ EUV-ÌÀØÈÍÛ
(ÝÊÑÒÐÅÌÀËÜÍÛÉ ÓËÜÒÐÀÔÈÎËÅÒ)

ÈÕ ÏÎ ÑÓÒÈ ÏÎÑÒÀÂËßÅÒ ÏÎ×ÒÈ ÌÎÍÎÏÎËÜÍÎ ASML.
ÑÒÎÈÌÎÑÒÜ ÎÄÍÎÉ ÌÀØÈÍÛ ÌÎÆÅÒ ÏÐÅÂÛØÀÒÜ 400 ÌËÍ ÄÎËËÀÐÎÂ.

Á) ×ÈÑÒÛÅ ÊÎÌÍÀÒÛ
ÝÒÎ ÏÎÌÅÙÅÍÈß, ÃÄÅ ÏÛËÈ ÌÅÍÜØÅ, ×ÅÌ Â ÎÏÅÐÀÖÈÎÍÍÎÉ.

ÎÄÍÀ ÏÛËÈÍÊÀ ÌÎÆÅÒ ÈÑÏÎÐÒÈÒÜ ÖÅËÓÞ ÏÀÐÒÈÞ ×ÈÏÎÂ.

Â) ÎÑÀÆÄÅÍÈÅ ÑËΨÂ
ÍÓÆÍÛ ÓÑÒÀÍÎÂÊÈ ÄËß ÍÀÍÅÑÅÍÈß ÑÂÅÐÕÒÎÍÊÈÕ ÑËΨ ÌÅÒÀËËÎÂ, ÄÈÝËÅÊÒÐÈÊÎÂ È ÏÎËÓÏÐÎÂÎÄÍÈÊÎÂ.

ÒÎËÙÈÍÀ — Â ÍÀÍÎÌÅÒÐÀÕ
(ÌÈËËÈÀÐÄÍÛÅ ÄÎËÈ ÌÅÒÐÀ)

Ã) ÈÎÍÍÀß ÈÌÏËÀÍÒÀÖÈß
ÌÀØÈÍÛ, ÊÎÒÎÐÛÅ “ÂÑÒÐÅËÈÂÀÞÒ” ÀÒÎÌÛ Â ÊÐÅÌÍÈÉ, ×ÒÎÁÛ ÑÎÇÄÀÂÀÒÜ ÒÐÀÍÇÈÑÒÎÐÛ.

Ä) ÕÈÌÈß È ÃÀÇÛ
ÍÓÆÍÛ ÑÂÅÐÕ×ÈÑÒÛÅ:

— ÍÅÎÍ
— ÀÐÃÎÍ
— ÔÒÎÐÑÎÄÅÐÆÀÙÈÅ ÃÀÇÛ
— ÔÎÒÎÐÅÇÈÑÒÛ
— ÊÈÑËÎÒÛ Â ÝËÅÊÒÐÎÍÍÎÉ ×ÈÑÒÎÒÅ

Å) ÌÅÒÐÎËÎÃÈß
ÌÀØÈÍÛ ÄËß ÊÎÍÒÐÎËß ÊÀÆÄÎÃÎ ÑËÎß.

ÝÒÎ ÝËÅÊÒÐÎÍÍÛÅ ÌÈÊÐÎÑÊÎÏÛ È ÑÈÑÒÅÌÛ ÄÅÔÅÊÒ-ÊÎÍÒÐÎËß.

Æ) ÓÏÀÊÎÂÊÀ È ÒÅÑÒÈÐÎÂÀÍÈÅ
ÏÎÑËÅ ÑÎÇÄÀÍÈß ×ÈÏ ÅÙ¨ ÍÓÆÍÎ:

— ÐÀÇÐÅÇÀÒÜ
— ÓÏÀÊÎÂÀÒÜ
— ÏÐÎÂÅÐÈÒÜ
— ÑÎÅÄÈÍÈÒÜ Ñ ÊÎÍÒÀÊÒÀÌÈ

=> 2) ÊÀÊÀß ÒÅÕÍÈÊÀ È ÐÎÁÎÒÛ ÍÓÆÍÛ

— ËÈÒÎÃÐÀÔÈ×ÅÑÊÈÅ ÑÊÀÍÅÐÛ
— ÐÎÁÎÒÛ ÄËß ÏÅÐÅÌÅÙÅÍÈß ÏËÀÑÒÈÍ
— ÂÀÊÓÓÌÍÛÅ ÊÀÌÅÐÛ
— ÑÈÑÒÅÌÛ ÏËÀÇÌÅÍÍÎÃÎ ÒÐÀÂËÅÍÈß
— ÀÂÒÎÌÀÒÈ×ÅÑÊÈÅ ÈÍÑÏÅÊÖÈÎÍÍÛÅ ÐÎÁÎÒÛ
— ÑÈÑÒÅÌÛ Î×ÈÑÒÊÈ ÂÎÄÛ ÓËÜÒÐÀÂÛÑÎÊÎÉ ×ÈÑÒÎÒÛ
— ÏÐÎÌÛØËÅÍÍÛÅ HVAC-ÑÈÑÒÅÌÛ ÄËß ×ÈÑÒÛÕ ÊÎÌÍÀÒ

ÝÒÎ ÍÅ ÎÄÈÍ ÇÀÂÎÄ, À ÖÅËÀß ÝÊÎÑÈÑÒÅÌÀ ÈÇ ÑÎÒÅÍ ÏÎÑÒÀÂÙÈÊÎÂ.


=> 3) ÏÎ×ÅÌÓ ÐÔ ÍÅ ÌÎÆÅÒ ÒÀÊ ÆÅ, ÊÀÊ ÒÀÉÂÀÍÜ

ÏÐÈ×ÈÍÀ ÍÅ Â “ÍÅÂÎÇÌÎÆÍÎÑÒÈ Â ÏÐÈÍÖÈÏÅ”, À  ÑËÎÆÍÎÑÒÈ ÝÊÎÑÈÑÒÅÌÛ.

À) ÍÅÒ ÄÎÑÒÓÏÀ Ê ÏÅÐÅÄÎÂÎÌÓ ÎÁÎÐÓÄÎÂÀÍÈÞ
ÁÅÇ ASML È ÀÍÀËÎÃÎÂ ÍÅËÜÇß ÂÛÉÒÈ ÍÀ ÏÅÐÅÄÎÂÛÅ ÒÅÕÏÐÎÖÅÑÑÛ 7 ÍÌ, 5 ÍÌ, 3 ÍÌ.

Á) ÍÅÒ ÑÎÏÎÑÒÀÂÈÌÎÉ ÏÐÎÈÇÂÎÄÑÒÂÅÍÍÎÉ ÝÊÎÑÈÑÒÅÌÛ
Ó TSMC ÝÒÎ ÑÒÐÎÈËÎÑÜ ÄÅÑßÒÈËÅÒÈßÌÈ:
ÓÍÈÂÅÐÑÈÒÅÒÛ + ÏÎÑÒÀÂÙÈÊÈ + ÈÍÆÅÍÅÐÛ + ÃÎÑÏÎÄÄÅÐÆÊÀ.

Â) ÎÃÐÎÌÍÛÅ ÊÀÏÈÒÀËÜÍÛÅ ÇÀÒÐÀÒÛ
ÑÎÂÐÅÌÅÍÍÀß FAB ÌÎÆÅÒ ÑÒÎÈÒÜ ÄÅÑßÒÊÈ ÌÈËËÈÀÐÄÎÂ ÄÎËËÀÐÎÂ.

Ã) ÊÀÄÐÛ
ÍÓÆÍÛ ÒÛÑß×È ÈÍÆÅÍÅÐΠÏÎ:

— ÔÈÇÈÊÅ Ò¨ÐÄÎÃÎ ÒÅËÀ
— ÌÈÊÐÎÝËÅÊÒÐÎÍÈÊÅ
— ÕÈÌÈÈ
— ÂÀÊÓÓÌÍÎÉ ÒÅÕÍÈÊÅ
— ÌÀÒÅÐÈÀËÎÂÅÄÅÍÈÞ

=> 4) ×ÒÎ ÁÛËÎ ÓÏÓÙÅÍÎ ÎÒ ÑÑÑÐ Ê ÐÔ

ÇÄÅÑÜ ÂÀÆÍÛÉ ÈÑÒÎÐÈ×ÅÑÊÈÉ ÌÎÌÅÍÒ.

 ÑÑÑÐ ÁÛË ÑÈËÜÍÛÉ ÖÅÍÒÐ Â Zelenograd È ÏÐÅÄÏÐÈßÒÈß ÂÐÎÄÅ Angstrem È Mikron.

ÍÎ ÁÛËÈ ÓÏÓÙÅÍÛ:

À) ÏÅÐÅÕÎÄ Ê ÃËÎÁÀËÜÍÎÉ ÊÎÎÏÅÐÀÖÈÈ
ÌÈÐ ÓØ¨Ë Â ÌÎÄÅËÜ ÃËÎÁÀËÜÍÎÉ ÑÏÅÖÈÀËÈÇÀÖÈÈ.

Á) ÌÀÑØÒÀÁ ÈÍÂÅÑÒÈÖÈÉ 1990–2010
ÈÌÅÍÍÎ Â ÝÒÎÒ ÏÅÐÈÎÄ ÔÎÐÌÈÐÎÂÀËÈÑÜ ËÈÄÅÐÛ.

Â) ÑÎÁÑÒÂÅÍÍÀß ØÊÎËÀ ËÈÒÎÃÐÀÔÈÈ ÌÈÐÎÂÎÃÎ ÓÐÎÂÍß
ÝÒÎ, ÏÎÆÀËÓÉ, ÑÀÌÎÅ ÊÐÈÒÈ×ÍÎÅ.

Ã) ÓÒÅ×ÊÀ ÊÀÄÐÎÂ È ÄÅÈÍÄÓÑÒÐÈÀËÈÇÀÖÈß 1990-Õ

ÏÐÎÙÅ ÃÎÂÎÐß:

ÒÀÉÂÀÍÜ Â ÝÒÎ ÂÐÅÌß ÑÒÐÎÈË ÁÓÄÓÙÅÅ,
À ÏÎÑÒÑÎÂÅÒÑÊÎÅ ÏÐÎÑÒÐÀÍÑÒÂÎ ×ÀÑÒÎ ÇÀÍÈÌÀËÎÑÜ ÂÛÆÈÂÀÍÈÅÌ.

=> ÊÎÐÎÒÊÈÉ ÍÀÓ×ÍÛÉ ÂÛÂÎÄ

ÑÎÂÐÅÌÅÍÍÛÉ ×ÈÏ = ÝÒÎ ÍÅ ÏÐÎÑÒÎ “ÇÀÂÎÄ”.

ÝÒÎ ÂÅÐØÈÍÀ:

ÔÈÇÈÊÈ + ÕÈÌÈÈ + ÐÎÁÎÒÎÒÅÕÍÈÊÈ + ÎÏÒÈÊÈ + ÃËÎÁÀËÜÍÎÉ ËÎÃÈÑÒÈÊÈ.

ÈÌÅÍÍÎ ÏÎÝÒÎÌÓ ÏÎÂÒÎÐÈÒÜ ÓÐÎÂÅÍÜ ÒÀÉÂÀÍß ÇÀ 2–3 ÃÎÄÀ ÏÐÀÊÒÈ×ÅÑÊÈ ÍÅÂÎÇÌÎÆÍÎ.

ÝÒÎ ÏÐÎÅÊÒ ÍÀ 10–20 ËÅÒ ÌÈÍÈÌÓÌ.

###


Sources
·
0s

Barron's
ASML Builds Machines that Make AI Chips. Why It's Missing Out on the Boom.
September 29, 2025 — ASML Holding, the Dutch company with a near-monopoly on advanced lithography equipment vital for AI chip manufacturing, is surprisingly lagging in capitalizing on the AI boom. Despite its cutting-edge "High NA" extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUV) machines, uptake has been slow due to their exorbitant cost—over $400 million each—and limited customer base. Key client TSMC is hesitant to adopt the new technology, opting to extend the use of current systems through multipatterning. Barclays forecasts only three High NA shipments in 2026, delaying widespread adoption likely until 2028. Intel shows potential as a key customer but faces financial and strategic hurdles in its effort to reclaim chip leadership from TSMC. Although Intel has acquired two High NA units, questions remain over their commercial viability and ability to attract external clients. The U.S. company may even pause its 14A process if it fails to secure major customers. Meanwhile, the memory-chip industry, led by SK Hynix and potentially Samsung, is beginning to adopt High NA for high-bandwidth memory (HBM), critical to AI performance. ASML's long-term growth prospects remain strong, but investor returns may be delayed due to industry reluctance to invest in the costly new technology.

Wikipedia
Semiconductor device fabrication - Wikipedia

The Economy
TSMC and ASML, the "serial chip market conquerors" and "national security players" | The Economy
May 19, 2025

Wikipedia
TSMC - Wikipedia

Wikipedia
Mikron Group - Wikipedia

ibuidl.org
Semiconductor Supply Chain 2026: TSMC Capacity, ASML EUV, and Demand Outlook | iBuidl.org
March 10, 2026 — SECTION 3 — THE CHINA WILDCARD Geopolitical Risk: Taiwan and Export Controls Taiwan hosts 62% of global advanced semiconductor manufacturing. Any military action involving Taiwan — even a naval bloc...

trendforce.com
ASML EUV Dominance & China’s Semiconductor Equipment Push | TrendForce
December 23, 2025 — ASML HEGEMONY AND CHINA’S SEMICONDUCTOR INDUSTRY CHAIN LEAPFROGGING ASML’s success reflects the collective achievements of the entire industry over decades in optics, materials, precision manufacturi...

techiest.io
TSMC & Geopolitics: Why Semiconductors Control the Future | Techiest.io | Techiest
November 7, 2025 — THE UNREPLICABLE ADVANTAGE: TECHNOLOGY, SCALE, AND ECOSYSTEM What makes TSMC so dominant and, crucially, so difficult to replicate? It’s a confluence of factors that have taken decades and hundreds o...

debuglies.com
REPORT - China’s Role in Russia’s Military Technology Supply Chain - https://debuglies.com
July 23, 2025 — MONOPOLY OF PRECISION: STRATEGIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL BARRIERS TO REPLICATING ASML’S EXTREME ULTRAVIOLET LITHOGRAPHY DOMINANCE IN 2025 The exclusive dominance of ASML Holding N.V. in the production of e...

hedder.com
Why ASML and TSMC Are the Chokepoints in Global Chipmaking
May 21, 2025 — May 21, 2025 6 min read AI WHY ASML AND TSMC ARE THE CHOKEPOINTS IN GLOBAL CHIPMAKING Image: Why ASML and TSMC Are the Chokepoints in Global Chipmaking Photo by Laura Ockel / Unsplash The explosi...
isans.org
Military industry is the optimal path for Belarusian microelectronics. Forget about 7 nm — iSANS
March 28, 2025 — THERE IS NO TECHNOLOGY FOR 7 NM PRODUCTION IN BELARUS, SUPPLIES ARE UNDER SANCTIONS Despite the fact that Belarus’ Integral continues to produce and successfully sell products based on outdated techn...

eurasiantimes.com
Russia's Achieves Big Breakthrough In Microchip Manufacturing; Seemingly Unimpressive But Strategically Vital
March 25, 2025 — ASML’S EUV DOMINANCE IN PERSPECTIVE ASML’s current monopoly on EUV machines stems from decades of R&D, collaboration with firms like Germany’s Zeiss (for optics) and U.S. companies (for lasers), and...

theguardian.com
A journey through the hyper-political world of microchips | Technology | The Guardian
February 27, 2025 — WHY IS TAIWAN SO IMPORTANT? ASML makes the machines that make chips, but it doesn’t make the chips themselves. That is done, chiefly, by another remarkable company with another unremarkable name: TSM...
digitimes.com
ASML's secret sauce for semiconductor success amid challenges in the Angstrom Era
May 17, 2024 — ASML'S SECRET SAUCE FOR SEMICONDUCTOR SUCCESS AMID CHALLENGES IN THE ANGSTROM ERA Judy Lin, DIGITIMES Asia, Taipei May 17, 2024, 15:29 0 iframe Moore's Law is not advancing as fast as it used to b...

zhihu.com
;; - ;;;;;;;;;
January 12, 2024 — Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company's future orders from Apple may be a problem. Visit original page Image ;;; No likes yet Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company's inability to prior...

yira.org
Failures, Successes, And Challenges In Advanced Semiconductor Manufacturing: Lessons From The Soviet Union, China, And Taiwan - The Yale Review Of International Studies
December 3, 2023 — FAILURES, SUCCESSES, AND CHALLENGES IN ADVANCED SEMICONDUCTOR MANUFACTURING: LESSONS FROM THE SOVIET UNION, CHINA, AND TAIWAN Posted on December 3