Concept of classification

Concept of classification
Concept of classification

Classification builds a table of categories and then sorts the available terms accordingly.
The category itself, functions as an unifing term for all of the terms inside it.

The unifing term itself is abstract - created by our mind to serve the idea of classification, and does not exist in reality.
 
For example : The unifing term "bird" will tell us how to differentiate any term which is not "bird" from
all the terms which are "bird". The term "chicken", and the term "penguin" are seperate terms unified
in our mind by the term "bird", according to the "bird" description.
   
Classification of terms is made by different criteria and is intended to simplify our understanding of
the world around us, to make our functioning more efficiently. Classification aims
to classify everything we can notice in the world, our logic makes the connections between the classified
terms, and with the aid of imagination, theories emerge - proposing general understanding of the terms in the whole picture. Further observations might change the general understanding, the logical connections
, the classification or the term declaration itself.

Since ancient history, the human mind worked in these directions :

1. World observation and declaration of new terms
2. Classification of the terms
3. Creating logical connections between the terms
4. General understanding of the whole picture according to the logical connections
5. Testing and applying our general understanding


Observation  : 

Observation data is gathered by looking, hearing, smelling, tasting, touching and feeling.
The participants are : 1- observating term (me) 2: observated term described by gathered data : Picture, noise taste, smell etc'.

Declaration of terms :
The mind looks in the existing (classified) data for simiar oservations. If it recognizes something new,
a term is declared and the logic starts to connect it to the whole picture.

Humans learned to generate and assign sounds to common terms, evolving a language.
The evolution of the language depended on the complexity of the sound emitting apparatus (voice)
and the collective memory of all the terms known and their logical connections.
 
Classification of materials :

Ancient humans recognised most of the terms we recognise today in nature. The terms "water", "rock", "ground", "cave", "mountain", "tree", "food", "animal", "human"  were definitely part of their lexicon.

But only as soon as humans learned to turn one material to other - for instance ore to metal, a theoretical
explanation was needed, and one nature of all materials was presumed. The theory said that all
the materials are built of small particles which are identical to all the materials. This way, most of
the terms in the world were unified under one term "material".
Such speculation caused many commercially minded people to try and find the ways of turning cheap materials into valuable ones - gold for example.

As certain chemical reactions were found, it occured that material had two natures. One - determines it's
existance and other - determines it's behavior. Same matter might behave differently under
different condition, so the nature responsible for behavior related to material's fundamental structure.
A fundamental structure of two components was proposed. Physical phenomena like electricity and magnetism were related to the components of the fundamental structure of the material.

Energy

As a separate direction of thought was classifing and explaining mechanical interactions
between terms in the world. Two natures were basicly presumed : 1-The material
2-It's behavior in the system, while it's potential behavior is defined by it's position in the system.

The term "energy" was proposed as measurable degree of behavior or potential behavior of
all the objects in the system.
Later the term was expanded to chemical reactions as well and so "energy" had to be theoreticly
related to the microstructure of the material as well.

Conservation of the two natures (material and energy)  was experimentally shown and the universe presumed to be a closed system, where neither material nor energy is created or destroyed.
 
The different types of energy were classified :

Kinetic energy - object's behavior in the system
Potential kinetic energy - object's position in the system

Heat - related to behavior of the microstructure units    
Potential chemical energy - stored within the material structure


Material microstructure

During experiments with materials, two types of reactions were observed :
1 - One material becomes several others
2 - Several materials becomes one (or several) different

Material complexity was proposed. Complex materials are combination of basic ones.
The most basic are the building blocks of all the material. Reactions can go towards
complexity - combination of materials into more complex ones, or towards simplicity,
break down of complex ones into more simple ones.

Properties of materials were related to building blocks's microstructure and to the
structure of their combination into one material.

Difference in weight between materials suggested difference in weight
between their building blocks.

Comparison between the estimated experimentally weights of the building blocks,
was closely divideable by an integer value, sugesting one weight unit building
all the basic materials. Based on this information a model describing the material
building blocks' structure was proposed.

Structure and energy

People noticed that many times disruption of material structure (by fire for example)  is accompanied by release of energy. As experiments showed that materials break down into simpler ones, having the same combined mass, the release of energy was related to the loss of complexity of the material structure on the level of combination from the building blocks.

At that time, disruption of the structure of the building blocks themselves, was speculated
to release energy as well. The amount of potential energy within the building blocks was theoreticly estimated.

Radiation

Light was one of the phenomenae that was not explained by the theory of material structure.
Lacking measurable mass and distinct position, the light had to have it's own category in the classification
of world terminology. Light has a noticable source and it was clear it somehow moves from the source in
some direction. The proposed explanation was based on the exitsting theory of two natures : material and behavior. Light was speculated to be small particles travelling in high speed from the source.

The term "radiation" was proposed for all the phenomena
with behavior  similar to light : what could be explained by "high speed movement of small submaterial particles". Properties of the different "radiations" were related to properties of
the particles travelling and their their kinetic energy.
 
The nature of the small particles which build the material building blocks, as well as particles,
which carry the energy of radiation was not so far theoreticly unified.

Materials affinity

Affinity of materials have to be explained by material microstructure. Different types of affinities
were classified, with different theoretic explanations to them. Forces of different natures were
proposed to causing them and more submaterial particles were speculated to exist.