Shakespeare s from whose bourn no traveller return

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Shakespeare's "from whose bourn no traveller returns."???

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5PoF
 


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 Sun 18 May, 2003 01:24 am 
Ok this is going to be a bit odd but the main question is solely the english of it lol.

 Shakespeare wrote in Hamlet Act III I believe.

 "to that Undescovered Country, from whose bourn no traveller returns."

 My question is how is bourn being used?

 There are two derivatives of bourn where today they are both apart of English but in the 1500s I'm not so sure.

 Bourn from old French means "Limit or boundary" which is generally the attributed to the meaning of bourn in Shakespear's quote.

 However, the old English meaning, which is what Shakespeare's audience would have understood, means "river".

 So which is his actual meaning?

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Type: Discussion • Score: 5 • Views: 16,738 • Replies: 38














 

 


dlowan

 


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 Sun 18 May, 2003 01:43 am
Hmm - I would have seen it as meaning realm, as in the 3rd meaning listed below:


 bourn
 Pronunciation: (bфrn, bOrn, boorn), [key]
 ?n. Archaic.
 1. a bound; limit.
 2. destination; goal.
 3. realm; domain.

 although my complete Shakespeare defines it as "confine, region".

 Hang on, I shall see if I can hunt up a more authoritative edition.

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dlowan

 


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 Sun 18 May, 2003 01:45 am
River would have been a very odd definition, I would have thought, unless Shakespeare was thinking of the Styx... or of a river of time.

 There would be no problem with there being several associations in the audience's mind for the word.

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dlowan

 


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 Sun 18 May, 2003 01:52 am
Sorry! I cannot find my scholarly version of Hamlet - I am sure someone else will come along, and I have asked your question of a couple of people who may well know in a scholarly way, though their answer may take some time to come.

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5PoF

 


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 Sun 18 May, 2003 02:13 am
Very excellent, I need as much info about this as possible. Because the oddity of the meaning of "bourne" had crossed my mind.

 I don't see how any meaning BUT river, can be the meaning shakespeare meant because of the fact that Bourn meaning boundry or "realm" was from old french and would not really have dessiminated into England that early on.

 So I recently however found a different link.

 Freemasonry, which is where I know the word from.

 "Ever remembering that we are travelling upon that level of time, from whose bourn no traveler returns."

 Now what I found odd was one of the primary possibilities of who really wrote Shakespeare, was also a prominent Freemason, something Shakespeare was not.

 Now whether or not Shakespeare wrote it or not is not the actual question, because he could have known Freemasons or such or not.

 But I'm beginning to wonder, which came first?

 Shakespeare's quote, or the quote from Freemasonry.

 Freemasonry is by far older for sure but not all its writing is necissarilly, at least not proven yet because Masonry goes back beyond the 1500s, where no real records are kept.

 So.

 In that quote, "bourn" means river, the "river of time" which is old english.

 So, it serves a possibility that Shakespeare or if Bacon did write it, himself, picked up the "from whose bourn no traveller returns" from Masonry.

 That to me seems a logical possibility because the river definition is not french, and therefore would have likely been used, and it being oddly placed, means maybe its source is external, not originally intended for the play.

 It also though seems that Masonry could have picked it out of Shakespeare, writing it down officially in 1717, which is a general consensus.

 So if I could figure out exactly what "Bourn" the english peoples would understand in the Elizebethan time period, that would be a great step forward.

 If the english would not understand "Bourn" in any other context than "river" in the late 1500s and mid 1600s, then we know that Shakespeare must have been using it to mean "river."

 Which I find illogical for such a man as he to use, and so it would have already been a phrase, understood to some.

 The only other place in history I know of this phrase is from Masonry.

 So which came first I feel depends on what is possible.

 Should Old French have already leaked a few words into english at that time, so that people at that time would understand the word to fit to "Undiscovered Country" then more likely than not, Shakespeare would have written it out of his own mind, and Masonry would have picked it up later on, because of its great poetic elloquence.

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5PoF

 


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 Sun 18 May, 2003 02:19 am
Very interestingly you mentioned a "river of time" without me ever mentioning it because it is that very meaning that has me wondering lol Wink

 You said that the audience might have defined it several ways, so that means that by that time bourn already meant several things, not just a "brook stream or river" as the Old English root defines it?

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dlowan

 


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 Sun 18 May, 2003 02:25 am
I do not know - but why - since there was a Norman conquest in 1066, and a subsequent strong "Frenchification" of the English language, do you discount a meaning based on the Old French?


 The "river of time" metaphor would be, I would think, as old as civilization - though your freemason quote is interesting.

 Tell us more about the origins of Masonry? I had no idea it went back so far.

 And I believe, firmly, that Shakespeare wrote Shakespeare! LOL!

1 Reply 
 


dlowan

 


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 Sun 18 May, 2003 02:29 am
Renaissance English was a glorious, evolving, multi-threaded thing!

 So many influences!

 Shakespeare is full of multi-layered, multi-resonating words and meanings - very "post-modern" - very associative - possibly very unconscious.

 This is some of the glory and joy of his work - the many layers of meaning.

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dlowan

 


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 Sun 18 May, 2003 02:30 am
You may have noted that I am a fan of the English Renaissance!LOL!

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dlowan

 


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 Sun 18 May, 2003 10:06 am
OK - opinions from others:

 Merry Andrew


 My annotated copy of Hamlet says that 'bourne' means 'region.'
 No etymology given, however.

 Aa
 Added on Sun, May 18, 2003 10:37 PM

 My edition, by G. B. Harrison (1848, renewed 1952) footnotes "
 bourn" as "boundary". And why not, considering the options?
 After all, is somebody going stygian on us? We're going to the
 undiscovered country whose bourn is the River Styx, and everybody
 drowns there? Short of any allusions or jealously-guarded
 scholar's loosey-goosey insistence on a river where no cultural
 references indicated any, logic decrees that the "Bingo" is
 boundary, not river.
 Of course, I could be wrong. Often have been. Try changing my
 mind; I'm a good listener.

 Debacle
 Added on Sun, May 18, 2003 10:55 PM

 Hmmmm.... This is a new one on me, Deb. But looking
 into it a weebit, I find that that intimate Elizabethan poohbah,
 A.W. Rowse, gives out that "bourne" implicates "boundaries."
 Considering place names like Eastbourne and Bournemouth,
 one could argue the Sussex suffix implies the east boundary,
 while over in Hampshire, they boast of a river mouth, except I
 ain't so sure that Bournemouth is on a river -- close to the
 Stour's mouth and that of the Avon, but actually on nary.
 Not to make a meal of it, it borders on being awash, I'd say.

 (With thanks to Merry Andrew, Aa and Debacle who responded on Abuzz to this question.)

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New Haven

 


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 Sun 18 May, 2003 12:24 pm
I saw the word as meaning the same as "womb".

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New Haven

 


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 Sun 18 May, 2003 01:01 pm
Interesting to reflect on just that single phrase again. If the word bourne means "womb", then obviously, once a person is born they can never return to the womb from which they came. "You can never go home".

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dlowan

 


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 Mon 19 May, 2003 06:31 am
Here is some charming and learned chatter which your question called forth amomgst friends:

 Merry Andrew


 bourn2 also bourne
 (bфrn, brn, brn)
 n. Archaic
 A destination; 1.a goal.
 2.A boundary; a limit.
 [French bourne, from French dialectal bosne, borne, from Old
 French bodne, limit, boundary marker, from Medieval Latin bodina,
 of Celtic origin.]
 That's the word from the American Heritage Dictionary online.


 Debacle
 Added on Mon, May 19, 2003 5:07 AM

 And so, it's unambigamous, Deb. "Boundary" is borne aloft by the
 triage ye hailed.
 O' course, ye dinna ask those who might seek to scotch it for the
 sake o' yon bonnie banks o' wee Rabbie's burns. Such would
 likely tell'ee that "bourn" trickles firth frae the Old Sassanach
 "burna" which becks a "burn."
 But, as Andy says, the French with their old "bodne" would erect
 a limes at "bourn" to signify a destination, goal or boundary.


 Aa
 Added on Mon, May 19, 2003 9:46 AM

 Alarmed that the OED seems to be ignored, Aa unclutches the OED
 from her heaving bazoom just long enough to reach in and pluck
 out noun #1 of 2:
 [A variant of burn, being the form commonly used in the south of
 England since the 14th c. Originally pronounced like burn,
 adjourn: but the influence of the r disturbed the pronunciation,
 as in mourn; whence the mod. spelling and pronunciation.]
 A small stream, a brook; often applied (in this spelling) to the
 winter bournes or winter torrents of the chalk downs. Applied to
 northern streams it is usually spelt burn.


 Aa
 Added on Mon, May 19, 2003 9:50 AM

 Aa scrutinizes definition #1 as it sets poised against the
 nattering in the background. She decides that it looks lonely,
 so she hastily sets down definition #2 before yanking the OED
 back up to heaving bazoom.
 In Eng. in Lord Berners, and in Shakspere (seven times), then
 app. not till 18th c.; the modern use being due to Shakspere, and
 in a large number of cases directly alluding to the passage in
 Hamlet. Confused in spelling with bourn n.1
 (The history of borne in Fr. is uncertain; Littrй suggests that
 it arose from the later bone, boune by the intercalation of r;
 Diez supposed a substitution of r for d in the earlier bodne; M.
 Paul Meyer says ?bodne, bosne, borne is an admissible phonetic
 series, the more so that Pr. has a dim. bуzola, and a n. bozolar
 (borner, limiter)?.)]
 ? 1. A boundary (between fields, etc.).

 Debacle
 Added on Mon, May 19, 2003 10:08 AM

 Well done again, Aa. I was hoping the OED would come oot. And
 what does the definitive tome have to say aboot a "limes"? That
 was a new word to me, one which I came across when looking for
 something else that I can't now recall.


 Aa
 Added on Mon, May 19, 2003 10:11 AM

 This is the only entry under "limes":
 _ limes (________). Pl. limites (__________).
 [L. = limit.]
 Boundary.
 1538 Leland Itin. I. 1 A mile from Eltesle towards Neotes in the
 limes of Cambridgshire.
 157787 Harrison England i. xiv. in Holinshed, The Twede..is a
 noble streame and the limes or bound betweene England and
 Scotland.



























 








   

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dlowan

 


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 Mon 19 May, 2003 06:32 am
New Haven - womb? Where are you getting that from?

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Roberta

 


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 Tue 20 May, 2003 12:44 am
Hi Deb, I'm guessing (and I could be wrong) that New Haven arrived at womb by interpreting bourne as born. Without any etymological basis, a reasonable assumption.

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Mr Stillwater

 


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 Tue 20 May, 2003 12:54 am
It's an old Frisian word meaning 'rabbit who posts too damn much in one topic'.


 OK, the Shorter OED attirbutes the modern usage of boundary to Shakespeare, although they say that the interpretation is probably 'frontier or pale'. It also crops up in the 'Merry Wives of Windsor'.

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dlowan

 


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 Tue 20 May, 2003 02:30 am
Evenin', Stagnant.

 Oh - I get it now, Roberta!

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New Haven

 


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 Tue 20 May, 2003 05:16 am

Roberta wrote:

Hi Deb, I'm guessing (and I could be wrong) that New Haven arrived at womb by interpreting bourne as born. Without any etymological basis, a reasonable assumption.


 Correct.
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New Haven

 


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 Tue 20 May, 2003 05:43 am
Sonnet CXXIII

 1. No, Time, thou shalt not boast that I do change:
 2. Thy pyramids built up with newer might
 3. To me are nothing novel, nothing strange;
 4. They are but dressings of a former sight.
 5. Our dates are brief, and therefore we admire
 6. What thou dost foist upon us that is old;
 7. And rather make them born to our desire
 8. Than think that we before have heard them told.
 9. Thy registers and thee I both defy,
 10. Not wondering at the present nor the past,
 11. For thy records and what we see doth lie,
 12. Made more or less by thy continual haste.
 13. This I do vow and this shall ever be;
 14. I will be true despite thy scythe and thee.


NOTES

 7. And rather make them born to our desire

 them = the old things you have foisted upon us in the shape of new ones.

born to our desire = viewed as if they were our own new born creations (rather than the hackneyed repetition of old sights). There is possibly a pun on bourn, meaning border or limit, as in
 The undiscovered country from whose bourn
 No traveller returns Ham.III.1.79-80.

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Roberta

 


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 Sun 25 May, 2003 03:36 pm
I've been thinking about this discussion. Hey, what else do I have to do?

 I'm wondering whether bourn and born were pronounced the same way in Shakespeare's time. Since the plays weren't intended to be read but performed, wouldn't the audience hear the word and interpret it in one of two ways? Might this be a play on words? From Willie S.? Whoda thunk?


***

The Halcyon is a bird of Greek legend and the name is now commonly given to the European Kingfisher. The ancients believed that the bird made a floating nest in the Aegean Sea and had the power to calm the waves while brooding her eggs. Fourteen days of calm weather were to be expected when the Halcyon was nesting - around the winter solstice, usually 21st or 22nd of December. The Halcyon days are generally regarded as beginning on the 14th or 15th of December.

halcyon daysThe source of the belief in the bird's power to calm the sea originated in a myth recorded by Ovid. The story goes that Aeolus, the ruler of the winds, had a daughter named Alcyone, who was married to Ceyx, the king of Thessaly. Ceyx was drowned at sea and Alcyone threw herself into the waves in a fit of grief. Instead of drowning, she was transformed into a bird and carried to her husband by the wind.

The myth came to the English-speaking world in the 14th century, when, in 1398, John Trevisa translated Bartholomew de Glanville's De proprietatibus rerum into Middle English:


"In the cliffe of a ponde of occean, Alcion, a see foule, in wynter maketh her neste and layeth egges in vii days and sittyth on brood ... seuen dayes."

By the 16th century the phrase 'halcyon days' had lost its association with the nesting time of the bird and had taken on the figurative meaning of 'calm days'. Shakespeare used the expression that way in Henry VI, Part I, 1592:


Assign'd am I to be the English scourge.
 This night the siege assuredly I'll raise:
 Expect Saint Martin's summer, halcyon days,
 Since I have entered into these wars.

Note: Saint Martin's summer is what we now know as an Indian summer.

The kingfisher is associated with other powers relating to the weather. In mediaeval times it was thought that if the dried carcass of a kingfisher was hung up it would always point its beak in the direction of the wind [don't try this at home]. Shakespeare also refers to this belief, in King Lear, 1605:


Bring oil to fire, snow to their colder moods;
 Renege, affirm, and turn their halcyon beaks
 With every gale and vary of their masters

Our current use of 'halcyon days' tends to be nostalgic and recalling of the seemingly endless sunny days of youth - despite the fact that the original halcyon days were in the depths of winter.

See other phrases and sayings from Shakespeare.