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Literary analysis of the poem "Cranes" by our esteemed President
Based on the lines at the beginning of the poem: “Remembrance about the song “Durnalar” to the 75th anniversary of the Victory in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. To the monument to the soldiers who did not return from the war”, we should not forget that the poem is a memorial in nature when analyzing the entire work. Remembrance is perhaps the most touching of the writings about the war period. Because remembrance is a field of artistic reflection about what you remember. Remembrance is a space of your subconscious and subconscious archetypal existence with an individual artistic reflection that is unique to you. The interesting thing about this space is that it has an individual (only according to the memory of the person who knows that memory) character, and what is even more interesting is that each reader who falls into the field of individual initiation participates in it in a relative way. Thus, the initial individual point leads to the creation of several relative aspects. Or, can relative aspects have a different effect that is completely different from the initial individual point? No, they don't know. Because you reap what you sow. So, memory is an artistic expression of the individual field, the place where space is born and lives. Its content, like a mysterious chest, is something that everyone tries to open and see. Memory is the most vivid, most constant memory of this subconscious being - memory. A person sooner or later turns all the information that exists in him into memory. That is why there is nothing dearer or closer to him than memory. Memory is a human being, a part of that being, and it has a structure just as a part is a whole (like atoms are particles), and a whole is made up of parts. That is why the important information stored in the human mind becomes a memory, and the unimportant information is absorbed into everyday memory, forming a different system. If memories did not have the important nature, then they would disappear like other information or would form a set of everyday affairs. Being an artistic phenomenon, memory never fades from the mind of a person. Doctors say that people who have suffered a brain injury often forget memories that are close to their hearts. They explain this by the fact that these memories are more emotional than other information in the brain. This is where the closeness of memories to the heart comes from. In other words, memories are a figurative expression of the writings in the heart. Since the image is the object of fiction, memories are by their nature an artistic phenomenon. The first lines of our esteemed President mention the reason that prompted him to remember. The name of that reason is a song.
Sometimes this song reminds me of you.
I am, as Bernese puts it,
From the first lines of the poem, one can feel the tone of a person who has some connection with the war, because from the very beginning the author reinforces, attracts, and interests the fact that this topic is not alien to him with the help of Bernes' song. As we know, this song, written to the words of the Avar poet Resul Gamzatov and music by Jan Frenkel, is the last song by Mark Bernes. It is considered a requiem for the singer's creativity. The song "Cranes" has a very interesting history of creation. Once, when the poet Resul Gamzatov visited Hiroshima and Nagasaki, two regions of Japan that were hit by the disaster, he met a Japanese girl named Sadako Sasaki. The girl suffers from the harmful effects of the atomic bomb. However, in spite of this, she makes paper cranes and flies them. When the poet asks why, the girl tells him that, according to Japanese beliefs, the dreams of a person who makes and flies a thousand cranes come true. These words have a strong impact on the poet. While returning home, he remembers the Avar legends he heard in his childhood. This is how the poet, who had known the legends about soldiers who did not go to war turning into cranes since childhood, created the poem “Cranes”. Mark Bernes, who read the poem in one of the magazines (translated by N. Grebnev), was invited to write a song. This song became his last song, because Bernes died a month after the song was recorded. Thus, it can be said that he created the song “Cranes” at the last - decisive stage of his life. The song won the love of the public. It is a song that is remembered for its unique performance features. It is worth noting that the beginning of the poem “Cranes” by our Honorable President with a low tone is similar to the tone of the song “Cranes”, that is, the song served as a basis for the formation of the tone source of the poem. Therefore, if we give a little description of the tone of the song, it would also help to understand the tone structure of this poem. Mark Bernes says the division between the first stanza of the song “Cranes” - “division”. In the Turkmen language, this division is called a pause (saginme). The local use of pauses contributes to the formation of intonation. The culture of speech in a divided manner is characteristic of military life. Since these are pauses that differ significantly in time from the pauses in ordinary speech, it is easy to distinguish them and familiarize them with the audience. Thus, the pauses formed a tone, and the resulting tone turned out to be military in nature. This is natural, because the poem itself is devoted to describing a military event - war. The fact that the song is in a low tone in terms of tone (pitch) is also associated with memories. Memories are, first of all, a conversation with oneself, free from loud, rapid revelations. Memories, which are initially a collection of subconscious images that appear due to the appearance of silent pictures, and then acquire various shades, have very characteristic features. Instinctive feelings such as inability to immediately say, inability to penetrate, hesitation indicate that a person has not yet done what he wants to do, has not said the word he wants to say. Therefore, the memories begin on a low note, but this moment soon fades and the events take on a lively tone. We encounter that liveliness in the third line of the poem:
This song is a praise to the sky and the earth.
I would give my sweet soul in your path.
As is known, a hymn (another hymn) is also a song - an oath. They originated in ancient India. Initially, these songs were formed from poems and oaths composed by people to the gods. Later, they became ritual dances, enriched with traditions and introduced into everyday life, that is, they moved from the heavenly life to the earthly life. Since they are addressed to God, hymns are considered heavenly songs. When the poem mentions the “song of heaven and earth”, it is likely that these aspects of the hymn are meant. The author considers this song a hymn, sanctifies it even more, deifies it, and strengthens it with the idea that it is heard everywhere. Since it was received with such great love, it is clear that this song is personal for the author. Indeed, the father of our Honorable President, poet, soldier, and great man Berdimuhamed Annayev, was a participant in the Great Patriotic War. Therefore, the theme of war is personal for the author. But what is his attitude and attitude towards the war? - We find the answer to this question in the first lines of the second stanza of the poem:
We love this beautiful, wonderful world.
We have the right to live - by saying, "Why are you fighting when you should be seeing, learning, and loving the wonders of the world? We are all created to live. We have the right to live." The emphasis on the wonders of the world is not accidental, but rather reflects the author's humanity as a researcher of the mysteries of the world, striving to make discoveries, and seeking novelty. He calls for the study of the wonders of the world and supports this idea with the right to live. The famous English philosopher Thomas Hobbes includes a person's right to life among the natural rights (law in nature) and concludes that natural law is divine law. (See: T. Hobbes “Selected Works. M, “Mysl”, 1964. P.341) From a legal point of view, he considers this right to be prohibited from being violated for reasons that serve the interests of any individual. Therefore, any war cannot be completely justified. These lines of the author sound like a legally artistic appeal to the idea that “People want to live, not war.” At that moment, our attention is drawn to:
From such an unknown and nameless village
Here it falls on the lines "Immortal - the fate of the immortal -". On the one hand, these lines hint at the value of immortality - indestructibility, eternity, eternity, on the other hand, they seem to be a "secret" continuation of the two lines above. Yes, we have the right to live, but human life is determined by a certain period of time. Compared to eternity, this is a very small period of time. Mankind has striven for eternity, eternity since the dawn of rational existence. This stanza of the poem has formed two paradoxical laws that contradict each other. This paradox, according to the concept:
1) To love and to live
2) To die and become immortal.
In other words, this is an artistic depiction of eternity and temporality. The answer to the idea that the unknown is eternal because it is unknown, and the eternal is unknown because it is eternal, should probably be sought in human nature. The reason for this, perhaps, comes from the fact that a person cannot always properly own what he knows. Therefore, the author quietly thanks that everything depends on God, and shows that he is content with it. Just as the truth does not end, the memories of the heroes who fought for the cause of justice will not end either. Although they are nameless and unknown heroes, they will continue to reveal themselves to us one day, like grass that sprouts, like bread that rises to the surface of the water, like a treasure that has been tested.
The author, as in many other poems about war, does not content himself with expressing his condolences to the victims of the war. The author's grief is individual, and this is the most striking feature of this poem. For it is an artistic expression of the author's attitude to the war. Unlike the grief we are accustomed to, which is generally accepted, the author's sympathy does not consist in the description of sharp and vivid scenes. It is the feeling of a person who looks at the war from the outside, who grieves for the situation that once happened, and sympathizes with its victims. Why do we want to draw the reader's special attention to this situation?
First, the next generation is the one who will have to watch the war from the outside as the years go by.
Secondly, the need to see war with wisdom arises from the need to see it with wisdom. The author walks across the peaceful plains, speaks of the war years, of the soldiers who did not return. He does not want to hurt people's hearts by mentioning the sad events of war that have once become history. Since he expresses his sympathy for the victims of war as a resident of peaceful times, the low tone of the poem is filled with a peaceful atmosphere. The reader can read and feel the war period, when there was not even a minute of peace, from this poem. This will help the reader to “silently” explain what he wants to say. If a resident of peaceful times writes about war, he will only be full of sorrow, loss, and dreams, the author sought a way out of this situation. He gave people advice on how to live happily. Otherwise, we emphasize that a person who, even if he did not participate in the war, wants it not to happen again and is deeply saddened by the heavy losses of war, will be able to compose a poem of this type.
Here's to those people living in happy days:
Reaching a happy and worthwhile destination
It is said that in this life it depends on the mind. Indeed, it seems that the mind will be happy, but for the reader who is familiar with Griboyedev's "Sorrow due to the mind" and pessimistic statements about the mind in literature, this is news. What kind of thought lies behind such a commonplace truth? Does the author mean that the mind should not fight or that a wise person will die in war? The answer to such antithetical thoughts can be found throughout the text of the poem. His answer generally comes from the fact that a wise person does not do anything that would make another person suffer.
Our people live in the real world.
The lines "Sunny and sunny, for a good reason" are a continuation of the above part. The author introduces this word in the form of "asyl" in the Turkmen language, and in addition, it has the equivalents of "genus", "lineage", "neberesi", "zandy". The main word to be emphasized here is the word "asyl". It is clearly felt that the author distinguishes and emphasizes this word. If the first part of the paragraph talks about intelligence, then the last part mentions the essence. The concept of intelligence and essence is the formula of the author's idea of ;;;;living happily. The source of this idea is the works of Turkmen folklore. In the book "The Source of Wisdom":
He who forgets his origin will call his father (p. 69)
The real trick is to be a chamander (p.298)
We come across proverbs like “The origin is the origin of the origin”. As can be seen from them, a person’s origin affects his abilities and destiny. The author’s views and principles, in our opinion, are most clearly reflected in this paragraph. Biologists explain the origin of a person by his gene system. This direction, which in science is called genetics, has found that human genes do not change for hundreds, thousands of years, and they are all encoded with the same code in the organism. This led to the strengthening of ideas about the origin and origin of a person. The Turkmen people have sayings such as “it drew on the origin”, “it resembled the past”. The proverb “A stream flows from a place where it used to flow” is actively used in our society. Not only is it used, but it has become even more relevant these days as a factor determining and evaluating a person’s fate. In general, attempts to search for a person’s mind from his origin, and the origin from his mind, have existed at all times. This is probably not news to anyone, but the author's emphasis on being original and intelligent as the key to a happy life is something new for literature. After mentioning the ways to escape from war, the author returns to cranes again. Let us say a few words about these wonderful creatures of nature here. Moreover, the author's statement that "I love cranes with all my heart" is even more inspiring. Several superstitions and beliefs about cranes are widespread among the people. Cranes are always greeted with joy and sent away with sadness. This phenomenon is reflected in G. Ezizov's poem "Cranes":
Suddenly my eyes were fixed on the sky,
Oh, that sight, what do my eyes see?!
Arrange flowers on top of each other,
The origin of the word "crane" is also very interesting. In many peoples, it is associated with the sound that makes its name. For example, Latin "grus", English "crane", Finnish "kurki", Turkish "turna", in Turkmen it is pronounced as "durna", which has been slightly assimilated from Turkish and has undergone phonetic changes. Legends that cranes were hunted in ancient Kievan Rus are found in proverbs. The ancient Romans also loved the meat of this bird. Horace even called the crane "delicious prey". However, despite the fact that there are places where cranes were used as hunting meat, they are considered totem birds in many peoples. For example, the Aztecs, the ancestors of the Indians, call themselves "crane people". In many peoples, including the Bible, you can find legends about cranes turning into people, and people turning into cranes. There is a special section in Homer's works called “The War of the Cranes and the Pygmies”. Crane dances have gone beyond ritual dances and have become cultural dances. They continue to excite audiences to this day. Cranes are the most dancing members of the winged family. In ancient Greece and Egypt, cranes were considered divine birds. That is why they banned eating crane meat. In particular, in Eastern mythology, cranes are considered sacred birds. In China and Japan, cranes are considered birds of immortality, eternity, and immortality. Does that remind us of something?! Yes, this reminds us of the lines of the poem “In such an unknown and nameless valley, the fate of those who do not die or perish is here.” The Japanese called cranes “winged men”, “respected gentleman crane”, while the Chinese called them “the god of the winged ones”. Cranes were considered “harbingers of spring”. With their arrival, the air became warmer, and with their departure, it became colder. The symbolism of cranes is diverse. In European heraldry, the crane is considered a symbol of vigilance. This was greatly influenced by the appearance of this creature. The crane has a long neck and legs. Its gaze is cautious. Therefore, people cannot easily approach it. A group of cranes with a leader at the head of the flock symbolized a tightly organized state and its king. In Roman culture, the crane symbolized prudence - wisdom, nersevensia - constancy, perseverance, custodia - care, and vigilance - military and moral vigilance. Another reason why cranes are considered sacred comes from their biological nature. For example, cranes, despite the fact that they can fly in the sky, live in swamps on earth. This, in turn, led to the emergence of beliefs that this bird suffers from injustice on earth, which is why it makes a heart-rending sound. However, the general image of this bird is one of maintaining one's abilities, being courageous and wise, despite the difficulties around one's surroundings.
The lines “When they fly in thought,” Only authors who write from the heart are able to find their own sorrow in everything, to approach everything from a single, individual starting point. Of course, comparing the passing days to cranes lined up one after another has long existed in literature. In this regard, it is very likely that the author was influenced by Russian literature.
When the days of remembrance come
In the lines "They heard a voice singing from the sky," we encounter the author's song of learning to sing again.
Like soldiers lined up in order
; Both Frenkel, Gamzatov, and Bernes - in accordance with the wisdom of "You become a part of what you do", the author included the creators of the song "Cranes" in the ranks of cranes. Thus, three cranes flying from the sky come to life. If we measure them in terms of geometric figures, the projection of the cranes' flight in the sky is in the form of a triangle (straight and acute triangles). A figure consisting of three points that do not lie on one straight line and three segments that connect them sequentially is called a triangle. Cranes are considered a symbol of the triangle in literature. This is due to their flight, which resembles a family pyramid, with the father at the head of the flock, followed by the son, and finally the mother. The epithet "fair as a crane" for these birds, which in their structure resembles a family hierarchy, comes from the fact that during flight the leader of the flock changes places with the last one. In this case, the line is not broken, and the last one is the first, and the first one is the last, and they successfully complete the flight. If we imagine the three cranes lined up as the author imagines, then we get the shape of an acute triangle. If we also line up the soldiers on the ground with the row of cranes, then this quadrangle is formed:

This figure is called a rhombus in geometry. A rhombus is a parallelogram with all sides equal. As can be seen from the picture, a rhombus is a form of a quadrilateral. In literature, the literary meaning of these figures is studied by sciences such as heraldry, semantics, and semiotics. In geometric symbols, the triangle is the most frequently mentioned figure. In mythological poetic texts, the triangle represents the fertility of the earth, marriage, and provision, while the number three represents physical stability: birth - life - death.
Life - death - new life
Body – mind – soul
The three cosmic layers – sky, earth, and the lower part – symbolize. Two intersecting triangles symbolize divinity, the unity of fire and water, and the superiority of spirit over matter. So, the upper figure has such meanings. Recalling once again that a rhombus is a quadrangle, a quadrangle is a field, and a field represents the earth and the earth in literature, we would like to draw your attention to the metaphorical image of the earth. For several millennia, Mother Earth has been called by various metaphors. In most of these metaphors, the earth acted as a common ground of power and governance. Since it has a field and space, the earth (square) is otherwise called “authority”. Since the creation of mankind, it has lived with a sense of power. It is precisely the sense of power that is the first feeling of a person. So, our figure above is also a literary geometric image of the concept of “authority”. One side of it is the sky, and the other side is the earth. They, in turn, change places like cranes, that is, they fight on the ground and ascend to heaven as cranes. After ascending to heaven as cranes, they return to the ground again. As a result, natural continuity arises. The generation continues. Yes, this poem, which emphasizes that the government should present itself only from the good side, is close to the heart. It does not contain fast and violent emotions flowing like a flood, but rather calm emotions, like the slow and contented flight of cranes. The essence of the feelings that settle in the soul with that calmness is hatred of war, the realization that it brings sorrow.
We wish our Honorable Leader, who speaks with the thoughts about the need for peace and trust in the whole world, success in his work and creativity. May his humanitarian voice calling for unity and trust be heard everywhere and find a place in hearts.
Bagul ATAYEVA

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